靴曼梅爾維爾
身世
編輯梅爾維爾1819年喺美國紐約出世[1] ,屋企第三個細路。老豆老母分別出自蘇格蘭及荷蘭嘅名門。一家信奉長老會。佢先讀紐約公校(哥倫比亞大學預科學校)。之後,1830年全家搬去奧爾巴尼。
梅爾維爾由1830年十月至1831年十月讀奧爾巴尼學院,佢喺1836年十月到1837年三月之間學咗唔少文學經典[2]。因為家道中落,十五歲離校,做過農夫、職員、小學先生等職務。1837年搭帆船出航,去咗英國利物浦。1841年成為捕鯨水手,由美國麻省費爾黑文出發。捕鯨船喺南太平洋一帶航行。1842年七月南太平洋馬克薩斯群島[3],佢同泰皮族接觸,十一月,喺艘捕鯨船上做咗掟叉手四個月。1843年八月加入美國戰艦美國號(United States)服役,1844年十月喺波士頓上岸,定居麻省。
1845年開始寫小說,1846年喺倫敦出版小說Typee,隔年出 Omoo。佢開始讀莎士比亞作品,1849年出版《雷得本》,1850年出版《白外衣》,獲得好評。1847年同伊麗莎伯蕭(Elizabeth Shaw)結婚,喺加拿大度蜜月。有兩仔兩女。1850年喺皮茨菲爾德定居,住咗十三年。1850年2月,佢開始跟佢海上嘅經歷來寫《無比敵》,前後十七個月,1851年夏天寫完出版。
《無比敵》呢部小說日後譽為美國最正嘅小說之一,但係出版頭一年只賣得五本,唔賣得亦唔轟動,梅爾維爾好失望。要到本書出版七十年之後,先受到廣泛重視。1866年之後佢自費出詩集《戰事集》、Clarel、《約翰瑪爾同其他水手》同《梯摩里昂》,1891年9月28號,梅爾維爾喺紐約死於心臟肥大[4],潦倒以終。葬喺紐約嘅木林草地墓園(Woodlawn Cemetery)。
文獻
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