情感運算cing4 gam2 wan6 syun3affective computing / artificial emotional intelligence)係 AI 嘅一個子領域,專門研究點樣教電腦系統認識、了解、以至模擬人類嘅情緒,會用到電腦科學心理學、同認知科學等領域嘅知識[1][2]。情感運算起源於早期對情緒嘅本質嘅哲學探討,個諗頭喺廿世紀尾由美國媒體學者 Rosalind Picard 提出[3],並且成為 AI 領域上一個相當受關注嘅問題,而一般認為,一部機械要做到情感運算先會過到圖靈測試(Turing test),算得上係似人類嘅智能[4][5]

唔同嘅表情;人嘅表情能夠預測佢哋感受緊乜情緒。

想像一個簡單嘅例子:有個電腦程式,假設佢經已有方法睇嘢,佢能夠睇一個人嘅面部表情;佢內置一個人工神經網絡(ANN),個網絡以各種表情上嘅特徵(眼肌肉嘅狀態等)做輸入,按呢啲輸入計出「呢個人感受緊乜嘢情緒」(例:一個人覺得恐懼嗰陣通常對會大開),並且作出適當嘅反應,例如 if 呢個人感受緊恐懼 then 叫佢唔使驚-做到對用家嘅情緒狀態作出反應。再先進啲嘅 AI 會有更複雜嘅程式[6]

做法 編輯

AI 程式俾出嘅數字性輸出可以用嚟代表「表情」嘅資訊(例如一個笑容會涉及嘴角向上掦若干角度)[7][8],所以有科學家研究點樣用程式令到電腦曉做俾表情等嘅社交動作,即係令到 AI 出現類似人類嘅情緒同埋能夠同人類進行社交[9][10]

廿一世紀初對文字做情感運算嘅演算法主要有兩種做法[11]

  • 搵出一句句子入面帶有情緒嘅字眼(例:「你哋啲服務正垃圾!」)
  • 深度學習

睇埋 編輯

參考 編輯

  • Hudlicka, Eva (2003). "To feel or not to feel: The role of affect in human-computer interaction". International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 59 (1–2): 1–32. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.180.6429. doi:10.1016/s1071-5819(03)00047-8.
  • Scherer, Klaus R; Banziger, T; Roesch, Etienne B (2010). A blueprint for affective computing: a sourcebook. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

編輯

  1. Rana el Kaliouby (Nov–Dec 2017). "We Need Computers with Empathy Archive-It歸檔,歸檔日期2018-07-07". Technology Review. 120 (6). p. 8.
  2. Tao, Jianhua; Tieniu Tan (2005). "Affective Computing: A Review". Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction. LNCS 3784. Springer. pp. 981–995.
  3. "Affective Computing 互聯網檔案館歸檔,歸檔日期2018年12月14號,.", MIT Technical Report #321 (Abstract), 1995.
  4. Diamond, David (December 2003). "The Love Machine; Building computers that care". Wired.
  5. Kerr, I. R., & Bornfreund, M. (2005). Buddy bots: How turing's fast friends are undermining consumer privacy. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 14(6), 647-655.
  6. Nacke, L. E., Kalyn, M., Lough, C., & Mandryk, R. L. (2011, May). Biofeedback game design: using direct and indirect physiological control to enhance game interaction. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 103-112). ACM.
  7. Emotion and affective computing:
    • Minsky 2006.
  8. Scassellati, Brian (2002). "Theory of mind for a humanoid robot". Autonomous Robots. 12 (1): 13–24.
  9. Cao, Yongcan; Yu, Wenwu; Ren, Wei; Chen, Guanrong (February 2013). "An Overview of Recent Progress in the Study of Distributed Multi-Agent Coordination". IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. 9 (1): 427–438.
  10. Poria, Soujanya; Cambria, Erik; Bajpai, Rajiv; Hussain, Amir (September 2017). "A review of affective computing: From unimodal analysis to multimodal fusion". Information Fusion. 37: 98–125.
  11. Chatterjee, A., Gupta, U., Chinnakotla, M. K., Srikanth, R., Galley, M., & Agrawal, P. (2019). Understanding emotions in text using deep learning and big data. Computers in Human Behavior, 93, 309-317.

編輯