Euromaidan烏克蘭文Євромайдан[b]烏克蘭歐洲派響基輔展開嘅反政府示威,2013年11月21號至2014年2月23號進行,起因係烏克蘭總統亞努科維奇中止同歐盟簽署政治同自由貿易協議,強化同俄羅斯嘅關係[48]。抗議群眾要求同歐盟簽署協議、亞努科維奇下台、提前舉行大選。

Euromaidan

示威期間,有唔少人都有揸歐盟
日期 2013年11月21號 – 2014年2月22號 (3個月1天)
地點 烏克蘭,特別係基輔獨立廣場
起因
目標
特徵 公民抗命,包括示威[10]同埋佔領政府大樓[11]
結果
衝突方
烏克蘭 反政府示威者: 親政府組織:
指揮人士
波羅申科 亞努科維奇
人數
基輔:
40-80萬示威者[27]

全國:
5萬 (利維夫)[28]
2萬 (切爾卡瑟)[29]
1萬+ (特諾表)[30]

基輔警察:

4,000 警察
1,000 軍隊

3,000–4,000 其他武裝組織[31]

親政府示威:
2-6萬 (基輔)
4萬 (夏爾奇夫)[32]
1.5萬 (頓涅茨克)[33]
1萬 (辛菲洛普)[34]
2,500 (塞凡堡)[35]

傷亡

歷史 編輯

2013年11月21號,當時嘅烏克蘭總統亞努科維奇突然改口,原本同意咗會同歐盟簽一份聯合協議,但係變咗係同由俄羅斯帶嘅歐亞經濟聯盟簽協議。當時烏克蘭嘅議會已經大比數通過咗同歐盟嘅協議[49],但係俄羅斯向總統施壓去拒絕[50]。因為呢個決定,所以好多親歐盟嘅示威者都上街,要求亞努科維奇簽返份協議。當佢拒絕咗呢個要求之後,啲示威者就索性要求佢落台[51]

對唔少人嚟講,俄羅斯對烏克蘭政府嘅影響,其實都同時反映咗政府入面嘅貪污問題,搞到啲官員淨係挂住攞俄羅斯泵嘅錢[52][53]。 專係研究貪污嘅透明國際英文Transparency International更加叫亞努科維奇做典型嘅貪污例子[54]

喺示威對抗期間,基輔獨立廣場成為咗示威嘅重地,有數以千計嘅示威者喺嗰度搭咗營,甚至包括埋廚房同埋救傷站[55][56]。除此之外,示威者亦組成咗“自衛隊”嚟對抗警察嘅攻擊,有哂制服頭盔盾牌、同等等。佢哋由12月中開始同警察嘅衝突惡化,其中響2014年1月,爆發咗一次嚴重嘅流血衝突[57],造成幾百人傷。呢個情況一直持續到2月18-20號嘅頂峰。喺總共呢大概2個月嘅衝突期間,有預計過百位示威者死咗[36]

喺2月21號,亞努科維奇同議會入面嘅反對派簽咗協議,同意成立過渡政府,同時提早選舉。亞努科維奇同其他親俄官員喺嗰晚走咗去俄羅斯[58],而議會亦喺之後嗰日踢走咗佢嘅總統職位[59],成立咗臨時政府[60]。喺幾個月之後,政府舉行咗第6屆烏克蘭總統選舉波羅申科正式當選做新總統。

喺俄羅斯方面,普京經過 Euromaidan 嘅事之後,嘗試留住佢對烏克蘭嘅勢力範圍,所以引起克里米亞危機同埋俄烏戰爭去爆發。

編輯

  1. 聲稱有啲唔係自願,而係俾上師逼或者收咗錢 [25][26]
  2. 單詞EuromaidanEuro歐洲)同Maidan Nezalezhnosti(獨立廣場)組成嘅新詞[47]

參考 編輯

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