分心揸車
分心揸車（粵拼：fan1 sam1 zaa1 ce1；英文：distracted driving）係指一個司機揸車嗰陣分心。
分心揸車係一個受關注嘅問題：揸車要求個司機一路留意住路面情況，係一種要求持續性專注嘅工作；同時，揸車嘅過程又有好多事物可以搞到司機分心，例子包括車上面嘅收音機、想摟司機傾偈嘅乘客、以及司機嘅手機呀噉，而如果司機分咗心，搞到佢留意唔到路上面有個行人嘅話，後果可以好大件事[1]。事實係，有一份喺 2006 年做嘅研究試過喺馬路嗰度影住路面情況，發現喺 82% 嘅撞車事件同 67% 嘅近乎撞車事件當中，都有「司機喺事件打前 3 秒分心」嘅情況，分心原因可以係因為司機望咗第啲嘢、跌咗嘢食落地、或者傾緊電話等等[2]。
研究 編輯
因為噉，有唔少研究注意力嘅認知科學家都會嘗試了解揸車嗰陣嘅多作業處理（multitasking）過程。喺呢類研究當中，研究者通常會搵班受試者返嚟，要佢哋喺一個實驗室入面玩模擬揸車，再睇吓分心會點樣影響受試者嘅表現。呢啲研究顯示，如果個司機一路揸車一路做第啲嘢（好似係聽收音機或者講電話），佢哋揸車嘅表現會變差：耷迫力嗰陣會反應慢啲、容易啲炒車、容易啲唔覺意衝咗過隔離線、以至係冇噉留意到路面狀況（事後冇噉能夠記得路上面出現過啲乜）呀噉[3][4]。
仲有進一步嘅實驗證據顯示，一路講電話一路揸車之所以衰真係因為注意力資源分散咗而引起嘅[5][6]：有實驗試過比較兩組嘅受試者，兩組都係一路講電話一路模擬揸車；兩組分別在於一組用手攞住部手機講，另一組用一個唔使搵手攞住嘅電話嚟講；呢啲研究發現，兩組受試者嘅表現一樣噉差－噉就表示咗一路講電話一路揸車之所以衰，唔係因為要搵手拎住手機而起嘅，更加進一步確立咗「一路講電話一路揸車之所以衰，係因為分散咗注意力嘅緣故」呢一個假說[7]。
睇埋 編輯
文獻 編輯
- George, A. M., Brown, P. M., Scholz, B., Scott-Parker, B., & Rickwood, D. (2018). "I need to skip a song because it sucks": Exploring mobile phone use while driving among young adults (PDF). Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour, 58, 382-391.
- Strayer, D. L.; Drews, F. A. (2007). "Multitasking in the automobile". In A. F. Kramer; D. A. Wiegmann; A. Kirlik. Attention: From Theory to Practice. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 121–33.
攷 編輯
- ↑ Strayer, D. L.; Drews, F. A. (2007). "Multitasking in the automobile". In A. F. Kramer; D. A. Wiegmann; A. Kirlik. Attention: From Theory to Practice. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 121–33.
- ↑ Dingus, T. A., Klauer, S. G., Neale, V. L., Petersen, A., Lee, S. E., Sudweeks, J., et al. (2006). The 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study: Phase II. Results of the 100-Car Field Experiment (Interim Project Report for DTNH22- 00-C-07007, Task Order 6; Report No. DOT HS 810 593). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
- ↑ Salvucci, D D.; Taatgen, NA (2008). "Threaded cognition: An integrated theory of concurrent multitasking". Psychological Review. 115 (1): 101–30.
- ↑ Collet, C; Morel, M; Chapon, A; Petit, C (2009). "Physiological and behavioral changes associated to the management of secondary tasks while driving". Applied Ergonomics. 40 (6): 1041–6.
- ↑ Chabris; Simmons, D. J. (2010). The Invisible Gorilla and Other Ways Our Intuitions Deceive Us (C. F. ed.). New York: Crown.
- ↑ Folk, C. L. (2010). "Attention: Divided". In E. B. Goldstein. Encyclopedia of Perception. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. pp. 84–7.
- ↑ Strayer, DL; Cooper, JM; Turrill, J; Coleman, J; et al. (June 2013). "Measuring Cognitive Distraction in the Automobile" (PDF) (Research Report). AAA.