引力透鏡萬有引力現象,光通過物體引力場,光綫屈行,亦叫重力透鏡。叫透鏡,查實有啲誤導。佢唔似平時見透鏡,有焦點[1]。佢會生出多重影像,又或成等等。皆因光愈近心屈得愈勁,光直向心就成圈,偏離就斷。引力透鏡現象,愛因斯坦廣義相對論有推論[2][3],一九一二年尚未出版物有提及[4]牛頓物理學都可計到屈曲,但程度得廣義相對論一半[5][6][7][8]。一九三七年,已推斷銀河星團可能有引力透鏡,一九七九年證實。

假想引力透鏡。圖中心有個見唔到質點。水色為無透鏡情況,白色為有透鏡情況。光左向右掃,引力透鏡成多重影像。到近心就成。遠離就回復多重影像。

現今分類有強透鏡弱透鏡微透鏡。強透鏡就似成圈,叫愛因斯坦環。弱透鏡祇能經統計變化得出。微透鏡唔會變形,得光強弱變化。

引力透鏡唔祇對可見光有作用,所有電磁波譜都會。

  1. Lodge, Oliver J. (December 1919). "Gravitation and Light". Nature (英文). 104 (2614): 354. Bibcode:1919Natur.104..354L. doi:10.1038/104354a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4157815.
  2. Overbye, Dennis (March 5, 2015). "Astronomers Observe Supernova and Find They're Watching Reruns". New York Times. 喺March 5, 2015搵到.
  3. Drakeford, Jason; Corum, Jonathan; Overbye, Dennis (March 5, 2015). "Einstein's Telescope - video (02:32)". New York Times. 喺December 27, 2015搵到.
  4. Tilman Sauer (2008). "Nova Geminorum 1912 and the Origin of the Idea of Gravitational Lensing". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 62 (1): 1–22. arXiv:0704.0963. Bibcode:2008AHES...62....1S. doi:10.1007/s00407-007-0008-4. S2CID 17384823.
  5. Gabor Kunstatter; Jeffrey G Williams; D E Vincent (1992). General Relativity And Relativistic Astrophysics - Proceedings Of The 4th Canadian Conference. World Scientific. p. 100. ISBN 978-981-4554-87-9. Extract of page 100
  6. Bernard F. Schutz (1985). A First Course in General Relativity (第illustrated, herdruk版). Cambridge University Press. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-521-27703-7.
  7. Wolfgang Rindler (2006). Relativity: Special, General, and Cosmological (第2版). OUP Oxford. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-19-152433-2. Extract of page 21
  8. Pekka Teerikorpi; Mauri Valtonen; K. Lehto; Harry Lehto; Gene Byrd; Arthur Chernin (2008). The Evolving Universe and the Origin of Life: The Search for Our Cosmic Roots (第illustrated版). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-387-09534-9. Extract of page 165