笑死

笑死係一種罕見嘅死因，通常係由一陣大笑引起嘅心臟驟停或者窒息所引致嘅。自古希臘時代到依家都有笑死嘅案例紀錄。笑死嘅別稱「致命嘅歡鬧」（fatal hilarity），響1956年首次被使用^[1]。

病理生理

大笑不停可以引致心臟驟停或者窒息^[2]。笑都可以引致收縮乏力、虛脫同昏厥^[3]^[4]，重會導致創傷^[5]。因笑昏厥可以係因為下丘腦局灶性病變所引致^[6]。因笑昏厥亦都會影響小腦^[7]。

笑可以係一種病。橋腦或者延髓嘅梗塞可以引致病人大笑，之後死去。以呢種方式死亡嘅病者可能被誤以為係笑死^[8]。

歷史上嘅笑死案例

歷史上曾經有少量嘅笑死案例，響近代，笑死嘅人主要都係因笑引致嘅心臟衰竭或窒息而死。

公元前5世紀嘅古希臘畫家宙克西斯：佢響畫一個滑稽嘅老女人嗰陣笑死^[9]。
文藝復興時期意大利作家彼得羅·阿雷蒂諾：佢響1556年因為笑唔停口，窒息而死^[10]。
蘇格蘭作家同翻譯湯馬斯·厄克特：佢響1660年聽聞查理斯二世登基之後笑死^[11]^[12]。

參考

↑ Oxford: Clarendon Press (1993). The Compact Oxford English Dictionary.
↑ Reiss AL, Hoeft F, Tenforde AS, Chen W, Mobbs D, Mignot EJ (2008). Greene, Ernest (編). "Anomalous hypothalamic responses to humor in cataplexy". PLoS ONE. 3 (5): e2225. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002225. PMC 2377337. PMID 18493621.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: 作者名單 (link)
↑ Nishida K, Hirota SK, Tokeshi J (2008). "Laugh syncope as a rare sub-type of the situational syncopes: a case report". J Med Case Reports. 2 (1): 197. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-197. PMC 2440757. PMID 18538031.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: 作者名單 (link)
↑ Totah AR, Benbadis SR (2002). "Gelastic syncope mistaken for cataplexy". Sleep Med. 3 (1): 77–8. doi:10.1016/S1389-9457(01)00113-7. PMID 14592259.
↑ Lo R, Cohen TJ (2007). "Laughter-induced syncope: no laughing matter". Am. J. Med. 120 (11): e5. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.07.019. PMID 17976409. 原著喺2018年10月4號歸檔. 喺2013年12月3號搵到.
↑ Cheung CS, Parrent AG, Burneo JG (2007). "Gelastic seizures: not always hypothalamic hamartoma". Epileptic Disord. 9 (4): 453–8. doi:10.1684/epd.2007.0139. PMID 18077234.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: 作者名單 (link)
↑ Famularo G, Corsi FM, Minisola G, De Simone C, Nicotra GC (2007). "Cerebellar tumour presenting with pathological laughter and gelastic syncope". Eur. J. Neurol. 14 (8): 940–3. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01784.x. PMID 17662020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: 作者名單 (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
↑ Gondim, FA (December 2001). ""Fou rire prodromique" as the presentation of pontine ischaemia secondary to vertebrobasilar stenosis". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 71 (6): 802–804. doi:10.1136/jnnp.71.6.802. PMC 1737630. PMID 11723208. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
↑ "OVERVIEW Zeuxis". Oxford Index. 原著喺2020-02-03歸檔. 喺2013-05-11搵到.
↑ Waterfield, Gordon, ed. First Footsteps in East Africa, (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1966) pg. 59 footnote.
↑ Brown, Huntington (1968). Rabelais in English Literature. Routledge. p. 126. ISBN 0-7146-2051-3.
↑ The History of Scottish Poetry. Edmonston & Douglas. 1861. p. 539.

睇埋

庫魯病

[1] Oxford: Clarendon Press (1993). The Compact Oxford English Dictionary.

[pmid18493621-2] Reiss AL, Hoeft F, Tenforde AS, Chen W, Mobbs D, Mignot EJ (2008). Greene, Ernest (編). "Anomalous hypothalamic responses to humor in cataplexy". PLoS ONE. 3 (5): e2225. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002225. PMC 2377337. PMID 18493621.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: 作者名單 (link)

[pmid18538031-3] Nishida K, Hirota SK, Tokeshi J (2008). "Laugh syncope as a rare sub-type of the situational syncopes: a case report". J Med Case Reports. 2 (1): 197. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-197. PMC 2440757. PMID 18538031.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: 作者名單 (link)

[pmid14592259-4] Totah AR, Benbadis SR (2002). "Gelastic syncope mistaken for cataplexy". Sleep Med. 3 (1): 77–8. doi:10.1016/S1389-9457(01)00113-7. PMID 14592259.

[pmid17976409-5] Lo R, Cohen TJ (2007). "Laughter-induced syncope: no laughing matter". Am. J. Med. 120 (11): e5. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.07.019. PMID 17976409. 原著喺2018年10月4號歸檔. 喺2013年12月3號搵到.

[pmid18077234-6] Cheung CS, Parrent AG, Burneo JG (2007). "Gelastic seizures: not always hypothalamic hamartoma". Epileptic Disord. 9 (4): 453–8. doi:10.1684/epd.2007.0139. PMID 18077234.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: 作者名單 (link)

[pmid17662020-7] Famularo G, Corsi FM, Minisola G, De Simone C, Nicotra GC (2007). "Cerebellar tumour presenting with pathological laughter and gelastic syncope". Eur. J. Neurol. 14 (8): 940–3. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01784.x. PMID 17662020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: 作者名單 (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[Gondim-8] Gondim, FA (December 2001). ""Fou rire prodromique" as the presentation of pontine ischaemia secondary to vertebrobasilar stenosis". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 71 (6): 802–804. doi:10.1136/jnnp.71.6.802. PMC 1737630. PMID 11723208. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[9] "OVERVIEW Zeuxis". Oxford Index. 原著喺2020-02-03歸檔. 喺2013-05-11搵到.

[10] Waterfield, Gordon, ed. First Footsteps in East Africa, (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1966) pg. 59 footnote.

[11] Brown, Huntington (1968). Rabelais in English Literature. Routledge. p. 126. ISBN 0-7146-2051-3.

[12] The History of Scottish Poetry. Edmonston & Douglas. 1861. p. 539.

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