配給制
配給制係一個控制商品分配嘅制度或者一個對需求嘅人為限制[1]。配給制絕大部分都係針對食物，而通常都係喺打仗或者饑荒嘅時期先會出現。配給制有唔同嘅方法去做，而價格上限係最普遍嘅之一[2]。
配給一般都係要為必需品保持合理價格，嚟避免喺自由市場出現太過昂貴嘅價錢，所以配給可以係屬於價格控制嘅途徑之一。例如，喺1973年石油危機期間，美國政府對石油做配給，限制每人每日可以買嘅數量。
有啲傳統經濟學家反對呢個做法，反為支持跟自由放任制度，因爲相信市場會更加能夠減少無謂損失同埋鼓勵供應商提高供應。
雖然配給通常都係當時唯一實際可行嘅選擇，但係唔少配給嘅貨品仍然會喺黑市出現，因爲一份配給對唔少人嚟講都唔夠用，所以一般都唔太受歡迎[3][4][5]。
睇埋 編輯
出面網頁 編輯
- Are You Ready?: An In-depth Guide to Citizen Preparedness – FEMA
- short descriptions of World War I rationing – Spartacus Educational
- a short description of World War II rationing – Memories of the 1940s
- Ration Coupons on the Home Front, 1942–1945 – Duke University Libraries Digital Collections
- World War II Rationing on the U.S. homefront, illustrated – Ames Historical Society
- Links to 1940s newspaper clippings on rationing, primarily World War II War Ration Books – Genealogy Today
- Tax Rationing
- Recipe for Victory:Food and Cooking in WartimeTemplate:Nonspecific
- war time rationing in UK
攷 編輯
- ↑ "Rationing". The New Encyclopaedia Britannica (第15版). 1994.
government policy consisting of the planned and restrictive allocation of scarce resources and consumer goods, usually practiced during times of war, famine or some other national emergency.
- ↑ Cox, Stan (7 May 2013). Any Way You Slice It: The Past, Present, and Future of Rationing (Hardcover). New York: New Press. pp. 8–12. ISBN 978-1-59558-884-5. 喺3 July 2021搵到.
- ↑ "Life on the Home Front; Rationing: A Necessary But Hated Sacrifice". Oregon Secretary of State. 喺2019-09-22搵到.
- ↑ Charman, Terry (22 March 2018). "How the Ministry of Food managed food rationing in World War Two". Museum Crush. 喺3 July 2021搵到.
- ↑ Williams, Zoe (2013-12-24). "Could rationing hold the key to today's food crises?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. 喺2019-09-22搵到.
睇多啲 編輯
- Allocation of Ventilators in an Influenza Pandemic, Report of New York State Task Force on Life and the Law, 2007.
- Matt Gouras. "Frist Defends Flu Shots for Congress." Associated Press. October 21, 2004.
- Elster, Jon (1992). Local Justice. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.