高信賴同低信賴社會
高信賴同低信賴社會係社會科學上嘅一個概念。顧名思義,高信賴社會係指緊信賴程度高(啲人傾向彼此信賴)嘅社會,而低信賴社會就係指緊信賴程度低(啲人傾向彼此唔信賴)嘅社會。响廿一世紀初,高信賴同低信賴社會嘅概念吸引咗唔少社會學家研究。
嗌法
編輯高信賴社會:
- 英文:high-trust society
低信賴社會:
- 英文:low-trust society
基礎
編輯内文:信賴
信賴呢個概念可以噉樣想像。依家有個信賴者,信賴者可能係一個人或者一隻非人動物都得,佢信賴另一個個體(信賴對象),即係話信賴者相信個對象係[1][2]
- 唔會害自己,
- 會做出預期嘅正面行為,
信賴嘅舉動必然涉及信賴者承受風險[3]。想像而家有位經理,佢好信賴佢手下嘅一位員工阿明,所以將一個好重要嘅 project 交畀阿明搞。呢位經理冒緊風險——如果阿明搞禍咗個 project,位經理好有機會要孭起部份責任。
特徵
編輯有經濟學者噉樣嚟描述高信賴社會(以下係由英到粵翻譯)[4]:
喺多數社區同多數時間,冇鎖嘅門唔會有人走去打開佢,唔見咗有現金嘅銀包會搵得返,絕大多數嘅合同(幸運地)冇完成到。噉嘅情況係好好彩嘅,因為呢一切嘅信賴同值得信賴度對個經濟體有良好嘅影響。
社會學研究指,一個社會嘅信賴程度會明顯影響啲人點樣建立人際關係,例如有研究指出,低信賴社會入面嘅人際來往傾向以親緣關係為本,好多人都只係肯信賴同自己有血緣關係嘅人[5]。
睇埋
編輯引述
編輯- ↑ Rousseau, D. M., Sitkin, S. B., Burt, R. S., & Camerer, C. (1998). Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust (PDF). Academy of management review, 23(3), 393-404.
- ↑ Luhmann, N. (2000). Familiarity, confidence, trust: Problems and alternatives. Trust: Making and breaking cooperative relations, 6(1), 94-107.
- ↑ Evans, A. M., & Krueger, J. I. (2009). The psychology (and economics) of trust (PDF). Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 3(6), 1003-1017.
- ↑ Johnson, N. D., & Mislin, A. A. (2011). Trust games: A meta-analysis. Journal of economic psychology, 32(5), 865-889,引咗嗰段嘢:"In most neighborhoods, most of the time, unlocked doors remain unopened, lost wallets containing cash are returned, and the vast majority of contracts, thankfully, remain incomplete. This is fortunate, since all of this trust and trustworthiness is good for the economy."
- ↑ Natale, S.M.; Hoffman, R.P.; Hayward, G. (1998). Business Education and Training: Corporate Structures, Business, and the Management of Values. Business education and training : a value-laden process. University Press of America.