Ecopath

Ecopath with Ecosim
開發者	Ecopath 研究同發展聯盟
初始版本	1992年
最新發布	6.6.8 / 2022年11月4日
測試版	6.7 alpha (需申請) / 2022年11月4日
程式語言	Visual Basic.NET, C#
作業系統	Windows Vista (不支援), 7, 8*, 10, 11 (EwE 桌面版本), Unix 同 Linux (EwE 核心經 Mono)
平台	.NET Framework 4.8
話	英文
軟件類別	生態系統模型
許可協議	GPL v2
網站	https://www.ecopath.org
庫	https://sources.ecopath.org/trac/Ecopath

Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) 係一個免費同開放原始碼嘅生態系統模型軟件套件，最初由NOAA嘅Jeffrey Polovina開始，但之後主要喺英屬哥倫比亞大學嘅前UBC 漁業中心發展。2007年，呢個軟件被列為 NOAA 200年歷史中十大最大科學突破之一。NOAA 引用話 Ecopath 「革新咗全球科學家理解複雜海洋生態系統嘅能力」。^[1] 背後係超過三十年嘅發展工作，與一個繁榮嘅漁業科學家網絡如Villy Christensen、Carl Walters同Daniel Pauly，同埋世界各地嘅軟件工程師合作。EwE 係透過項目、用戶貢獻、用戶支持、培訓課程同合作開發資助嘅。至2021年11月，估計有超過8000個用戶喺150多個國家嘅學術界、非政府組織、私人行業同政府使用。

組件

EwE 有三個主要組件：

Ecopath – 系統嘅靜態、質量平衡快照^[2]
Ecosim – 用於政策探索嘅時間動態模擬模塊^[3]
Ecospace – 用於探索捕魚、保護區設置^[4]同環境變化綜合影響嘅空間同時間動態模塊。

功能

Ecopath 軟件包可以用嚟：

解答生態學問題^[5]^[6]
評估基於生態系統嘅漁業影響^[7]
探索漁業管理政策選項^[8]
分析海洋保護區嘅影響同設置^[9]
預測海洋污染物同示踪劑嘅移動同累積（Ecotracer）^[10]^[11]
模擬環境變化嘅影響^[12]^[13]
促進端到端生態系統模型構建^[14]

Ecopath 6.0 版本嘅開發^[15]得到Lenfest 海洋計劃同Pew 慈善信託嘅支持。2011年，Ecopath 研究同發展聯盟成立，與世界各地嘅機構共同承擔維護和進一步發展嘅責任。EwE 完全依賴用戶參與持續嘅軟件開發同新版本嘅發布。

Ecopath with Ecosim 嘅桌面版本只喺Windows上運行，需要Microsoft Access 數據庫驅動程序2007或更新版本。Ecopath with Ecosim 嘅計算核心可以經Mono 公共語言運行時喺其他操作系統如Unix或Linux上運行。^[16] 以R、Matlab同Fortran開發嘅衍生版本係獨立於 EwE 桌面版本開發，唔受 Ecopath 研究同發展聯盟支持。

資金

2013年，開發工作集中喺 Ecopath International Initiative, Spain，並與 Ecopath 研究同發展聯盟監督下嘅社區驅動開發模式轉換同步進行。^[17] 由於該方法唔獲得任何核心資金，Ecopath with Ecosim 方法而家完全依賴用戶貢獻項目資金持續開發同發布。

參考資料

↑ NOAA, 2007. ECOPATH Modeling: Precursor to an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management [WWW Document]. URL http://celebrating200years.noaa.gov/breakthroughs/ecopath/welcome.html (accessed 8.26.12).
↑ Christensen, V. and Pauly, D., 1992. Ecopath II - a software for balancing steady-state ecosystem models and calculating network characteristics. Ecological Modelling, 61:169-185.
↑ Walters, C., Christensen, V. and Pauly, D., 1997. Structuring dynamic models of exploited ecosystems from trophic mass-balance assessments. Rev Fish Biol Fish, 7:139-172
↑ Walters, C., Pauly, D. and Christensen, V., 1999. Ecospace: Prediction of mesoscale spatial patterns in trophic relationships of exploited ecosystems, with emphasis on the impacts of 海洋保護區. Ecosystems, 2:539-554.
↑ Sinnickson, Dylan; Chagaris, David; Allen, Micheal (Jun 10, 2021). "Exploring Impacts of River Discharge on Forage Fish and Predators Using Ecopath With Ecosim". Frontiers in Marine Science. 8. doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.689950.
↑ Christensen, V. and Pauly, D. (Editors), 1993. Trophic Models of 水生生態系統. ICLARM Conference Proceedings 26, Manila, 390 p.
↑ Walters, C.J., Christensen, V., Martell, S.J. and Kitchell, J.F., 2005. Possible ecosystem impacts of applying MSY policies from single-species assessment. ICES J Mar Sci, 62:558-568.
↑ Christensen, V. and Walters, C.J., 2004. Trade-offs in ecosystem-scale optimization of fisheries management policies. Bull Mar Sci, 74:549-562
↑ Walters, C.J. and Martell, S.J.D., 2004. Fisheries Ecology and Management. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 399 p.
↑ Christensen, V. and Booth, S., 2006. Ecosystem modeling of dioxin distribution patterns in the marine environment. Chapter 6. In: J. Alder and D. Pauly (Editor), On the multiple uses of small 上層魚es: from ecosystems to markets. UBC Fisheries Centre Research Reports 14(3). Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia [ISSN 1198-6727], Vancouver
↑ Walters, William J.; Christensen, Villy (2018). "Ecotracer: analyzing concentration of contaminants and radioisotopes in an aquatic spatial-dynamic food web model". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 181: 118–127. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.11.008. ISSN 0265-931X. PMID 29145014.
↑ Guénette, Sylvie; Heymans, Sheila JJ; Christensen, Villy; Trites, Andrew W (2006). "Ecosystem models show combined effects of fishing, predation, competition, and ocean productivity on Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 63 (11): 2495–2517. doi:10.1139/f06-136. ISSN 0706-652X.
↑ Christensen, Villy; Coll, Marta; Steenbeek, Jeroen; Buszowski, Joe; Chagaris, Dave; Walters, Carl J. (2014). "Representing Variable Habitat Quality in a Spatial Food Web Model". Ecosystems. 17 (8): 1397–1412. doi:10.1007/s10021-014-9803-3. ISSN 1432-9840. S2CID 3896465.
↑ Steenbeek, Jeroen; Coll, Marta; Gurney, Leigh; Mélin, Frédéric; Hoepffner, Nicolas; Buszowski, Joe; Christensen, Villy (2013). "Bridging the gap between ecosystem modeling tools and geographic information systems: Driving a food web model with external spatial–temporal data". Ecological Modelling. 263: 139–151. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.04.027. ISSN 0304-3800.
↑ Christensen, V. and Lai, S., 2007. Ecopath with Ecosim 6: the sequel. The Sea Around Us Project Newsletter, 43:1-4 (September–October).
↑ Steenbeek, Jeroen; Buszowski, Joe; Christensen, Villy; Akoglu, Ekin; Aydin, Kerim; Ellis, Nick; Felinto, Dalai; Guitton, Jerome; Lucey, Sean; Kearney, Kelly; Mackinson, Steven; Pan, Mike; Platts, Mark; Walters, Carl (January 2016). "Ecopath with Ecosim as a model-building toolbox: Source code capabilities, extensions, and variations". Ecological Modelling. 319: 178–189. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.06.031.
↑ Heymans, J.J.; Coll, Marta; Link, J.S.; Mackinson, Steve; Steenbeek, Jeroen; Christensen, Villy (2016). "Best practice in Ecopath with Ecosim food-web models for ecosystem-based management". Ecological Modelling. 331: 173–184. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.12.007. hdl:10261/135094.

外部連結

[1] NOAA, 2007. ECOPATH Modeling: Precursor to an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management [WWW Document]. URL http://celebrating200years.noaa.gov/breakthroughs/ecopath/welcome.html (accessed 8.26.12).

[2] Christensen, V. and Pauly, D., 1992. Ecopath II - a software for balancing steady-state ecosystem models and calculating network characteristics. Ecological Modelling, 61:169-185.

[3] Walters, C., Christensen, V. and Pauly, D., 1997. Structuring dynamic models of exploited ecosystems from trophic mass-balance assessments. Rev Fish Biol Fish, 7:139-172

[4] Walters, C., Pauly, D. and Christensen, V., 1999. Ecospace: Prediction of mesoscale spatial patterns in trophic relationships of exploited ecosystems, with emphasis on the impacts of 海洋保護區. Ecosystems, 2:539-554.

[5] Sinnickson, Dylan; Chagaris, David; Allen, Micheal (Jun 10, 2021). "Exploring Impacts of River Discharge on Forage Fish and Predators Using Ecopath With Ecosim". Frontiers in Marine Science. 8. doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.689950.

[6] Christensen, V. and Pauly, D. (Editors), 1993. Trophic Models of 水生生態系統. ICLARM Conference Proceedings 26, Manila, 390 p.

[7] Walters, C.J., Christensen, V., Martell, S.J. and Kitchell, J.F., 2005. Possible ecosystem impacts of applying MSY policies from single-species assessment. ICES J Mar Sci, 62:558-568.

[8] Christensen, V. and Walters, C.J., 2004. Trade-offs in ecosystem-scale optimization of fisheries management policies. Bull Mar Sci, 74:549-562

[9] Walters, C.J. and Martell, S.J.D., 2004. Fisheries Ecology and Management. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 399 p.

[10] Christensen, V. and Booth, S., 2006. Ecosystem modeling of dioxin distribution patterns in the marine environment. Chapter 6. In: J. Alder and D. Pauly (Editor), On the multiple uses of small 上層魚es: from ecosystems to markets. UBC Fisheries Centre Research Reports 14(3). Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia [ISSN 1198-6727], Vancouver

[WaltersChristensen2018-11] Walters, William J.; Christensen, Villy (2018). "Ecotracer: analyzing concentration of contaminants and radioisotopes in an aquatic spatial-dynamic food web model". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 181: 118–127. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.11.008. ISSN 0265-931X. PMID 29145014.

[GuénetteHeymans2006-12] Guénette, Sylvie; Heymans, Sheila JJ; Christensen, Villy; Trites, Andrew W (2006). "Ecosystem models show combined effects of fishing, predation, competition, and ocean productivity on Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 63 (11): 2495–2517. doi:10.1139/f06-136. ISSN 0706-652X.

[ChristensenColl2014-13] Christensen, Villy; Coll, Marta; Steenbeek, Jeroen; Buszowski, Joe; Chagaris, Dave; Walters, Carl J. (2014). "Representing Variable Habitat Quality in a Spatial Food Web Model". Ecosystems. 17 (8): 1397–1412. doi:10.1007/s10021-014-9803-3. ISSN 1432-9840. S2CID 3896465.

[SteenbeekColl2013-14] Steenbeek, Jeroen; Coll, Marta; Gurney, Leigh; Mélin, Frédéric; Hoepffner, Nicolas; Buszowski, Joe; Christensen, Villy (2013). "Bridging the gap between ecosystem modeling tools and geographic information systems: Driving a food web model with external spatial–temporal data". Ecological Modelling. 263: 139–151. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.04.027. ISSN 0304-3800.

[15] Christensen, V. and Lai, S., 2007. Ecopath with Ecosim 6: the sequel. The Sea Around Us Project Newsletter, 43:1-4 (September–October).

[16] Steenbeek, Jeroen; Buszowski, Joe; Christensen, Villy; Akoglu, Ekin; Aydin, Kerim; Ellis, Nick; Felinto, Dalai; Guitton, Jerome; Lucey, Sean; Kearney, Kelly; Mackinson, Steven; Pan, Mike; Platts, Mark; Walters, Carl (January 2016). "Ecopath with Ecosim as a model-building toolbox: Source code capabilities, extensions, and variations". Ecological Modelling. 319: 178–189. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.06.031.

[17] Heymans, J.J.; Coll, Marta; Link, J.S.; Mackinson, Steve; Steenbeek, Jeroen; Christensen, Villy (2016). "Best practice in Ecopath with Ecosim food-web models for ecosystem-based management". Ecological Modelling. 331: 173–184. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.12.007. hdl:10261/135094.

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