維基百科

File:Olivia de Havilland Publicity Photo 1938.jpg

原本檔案 ‎（762 × 988 像素，檔案大細：290 KB ，MIME類型：image/jpeg）

摘要

描述
English: Olivia de Havilland publicity photo, January 1938
日期
來源 eBay
作者 Warner Bros.
許可
(重用呢個檔案)

This is a publicity photo taken to promote an actress. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):

"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."

Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:

"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)

Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:

"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements ... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs." ("Fair Usage Publication of Film Stills" by Kristin Thompson, Society for Cinema and Media Studies)
Other versions cropped closer at 2:3 ratio to make face larger in thumbnail versions and remove distracting, overexposed left edge

協議

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1977, inclusive, without a copyright notice. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart as well as a detailed definition of "publication" for public art. Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (50 p.m.a.), Mainland China (50 p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 p.m.a.), Mexico (100 p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties.

العربية ∙ беларуская (тарашкевіца) ∙ čeština ∙ Deutsch ∙ Ελληνικά ∙ English ∙ español ∙ français ∙ Bahasa Indonesia ∙ italiano ∙ 日本語 ∙ 한국어 ∙ македонски ∙ Nederlands ∙ português ∙ русский ∙ sicilianu ∙ slovenščina ∙ ไทย ∙ Tiếng Việt ∙ 中文（简体） ∙ 中文（繁體） ∙ +/−

Flag of the United States
Flag of the United States

檔案歷史

撳個日期／時間去睇響嗰個時間出現過嘅檔案。

日期／時間縮圖尺寸用戶註解
現時2016年2月5號 (五) 01:47響2016年2月5號 (五) 01:47嘅縮圖版本762 × 988（290 KB）Bede735Adjusted brightness
2016年2月5號 (五) 01:36響2016年2月5號 (五) 01:36嘅縮圖版本762 × 988（293 KB）Bede735Adjusted brightness and contrast, cropped
2016年2月5號 (五) 01:35響2016年2月5號 (五) 01:35嘅縮圖版本2,056 × 1,410（548 KB）Bede735User created page with UploadWizard

以下嘅1版用到呢個檔：

全域檔案使用情況

下面嘅維基都用緊呢個檔案：

睇呢個檔案嘅更多全域使用情況。

Metadata

呢個檔案有額外嘅資料。佢應該係數碼相機或者掃描器整出來嘅。如果佢整咗之後畀人改過，裏面嘅資料未必同改過之後相符。

由「https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olivia_de_Havilland_Publicity_Photo_1938.jpg」收