埃奧華賭錢遊戲
埃奧華賭錢遊戲(Iowa gambling task)係一種心理測量嘅架生。喺呢個遊戲最基礎嗰個版本當中,受試者會俾研究者要求佢哋睇住四疊咭牌,每一張咭牌都會獎或者罰若干量嘅虛擬錢,而四疊咭牌各有唔同嘅獎罰機會;每位受試者有若干次「由四疊咭牌當中揀一疊,再由嗰疊咭嗰度抽一張」嘅機會,佢哋嘅遊戲目標係要盡可能賺最多嘅虛擬錢;研究發現,一般嘅受試者喺抽咗 40 至 50 之後就會識得淨係由獎勵機會高嘅咭疊嗰度抽,不過杏仁核(amygdala;主管情緒嘅一個腦區)有病變嘅人似乎會唔識喺抽到「罰」嘅咭嗰陣驚,搞到佢哋難以學識唔好由懲罰機會高嘅咭疊嗰度抽咭[1][2]-受試者嘅客觀行為(抽咭)反映心理特性(杏仁核功能)[3]。
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編輯- ↑ Bechara A., Damasio H., Tranel D., Damasio A.R. (1997). "Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy". Science. 275 (5304): 1293–5.
- ↑ Bechara A., Damasio H., Tranel D., Damasio A.R. (2000). "Characterization of the decision-making deficit of patients with ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions". Brain. 123 (11): 2189–2202.
- ↑ Schmitz, F., Kunina-Habenicht, O., Hildebrandt, A., Oberauer, K., & Wilhelm, O. (2020). Psychometrics of the Iowa and Berlin gambling tasks: Unresolved issues with reliability and validity for risk taking (PDF). Assessment, 27(2), 232-245.