法治
法治（英文：Rule of Law）係一個政治理想，代表一個地區嘅人民，包括佢哋嘅管治階層，都遵守同一批法律[2][3][4]。呢個概念好多時會用“冇人超過法律之上”嚟代表[5]。法治同憲法主義相似，係一個政治情況，而唔係一個法律上嘅具體規則之一[6][7][8]。大英百科全書將佢定義為： “因爲要避免出現冇王管嘅權力、維護公平管治、同埋人人平等，而實施嘅制度、程序、或者慣例”("the mechanism, process, institution, practice, or norm that supports the equality of all citizens before the law, secures a nonarbitrary form of government, and more generally prevents the arbitrary use of power.")[9]
法治呢個概念早喺 Aristotle 嘅年代已經有記錄：“法律嘅管治比任何人嘅管治都正當，而任何攞到更高權力嘅人，都只應該係做法律嘅守護者”[10]。"Rule of Law" 呢個詞語由16世紀英國開始用，當時主要係用嚟反對君權神授嘅概念[11]。英國哲學家 John Locke 相信：”一個自由嘅社會，就係一個喺入面嘅人民，只會受到由立法機構清楚寫明嘅法律，而平等咁受規限嘅社會。佢哋嘅自由唔會喺法律以外，受到政府或者其他人民冇故限制”。
睇埋 編輯
出面網頁 編輯
- 海牙有關法治嘅資料
- 世界正義工程
- “明白世界各地嘅法治”：嚟自柏林自由大學
- “法治：概念、主要原則、同框架” (Ehm Frithjof)
- 對世界各地嘅司法系統做評分 (Rafał Mańko, 2013年7月23號, 歐洲議會圖書館)
攷 編輯
- ↑ Cole, John et al. (1997). The Library of Congress, W. W. Norton & Company. p. 113
- ↑ Sempill, Julian (2020). "The Rule of Law and the Rule of Men: History, Legacy, Obscurity". Hague Journal on the Rule of Law. 12 (3): 511–540. doi:10.1007/s40803-020-00149-9.
- ↑ "Rule of Law" (英文). National Geographic Society. 15 March 2019. 喺29 January 2022搵到.
- ↑ Hobson, Charles. The Great Chief Justice: John Marshall and the Rule of Law, p. 57 (University Press of Kansas, 1996): according to John Marshall, "the framers of the Constitution contemplated that instrument as a rule for the government of courts, as well as of the legislature."
- ↑ "Why do we say No man is above the law?".
- ↑ Ten, C. l (2017), "Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law", A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy (英文), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 493–502, doi:10.1002/9781405177245.ch22, ISBN 978-1405177245
- ↑ Reynolds, Noel B. (1986). "Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law". All Faculty Publications (BYU ScholarsArchive). 原先內容歸檔喺2019-11-07. 喺2020-02-21搵到.
- ↑ "Constitutionalism, Rule of Law, PS201H-2B3". www.proconservative.net. 原先內容歸檔喺15 March 2018. 喺12 November 2019搵到.
- ↑ "Rule of law: Definition, Implications, Significance, & Facts". 《大英百科全書》 (英文). 喺29 January 2022搵到.
- ↑ Aristotle. Politics.第3:16卷.
- ↑ Samuel Rutherford (1644). Lex, Rex.