殘疾人體育賽事醫學分級

殘疾人體育賽事醫學分級（粵拼：can4 zat6 jan4 tai2 juk6 coi3 si6 ji1 hok6 coi3 si6 fan1 kap1）係對參加殘疾人運動會嘅運動員時，評價傷殘程度去到邊度，佢由各類國際殘疾人體育運動組織嘅醫學委員會評定兼保證競賽以公平、公正同安全嘅方式進行。呢個系統最先由英德雙重國籍嘅神經內科專家——路域古特曼喺1943年9月喺英國英格蘭白金漢郡嘅史篤曼德威醫院（英文：Stoke Mandeville Hospital）提出^[1]。1948年成立殘運會後淨得一種運動搞分級，從1952年開始正式成立呢種分級制度^[2]。

分級

唔同種類嘅殘疾人，分級類都有唔同^[3]。一般都係根據截肢、腦癱同埋脊椎損害、視力、聽力嘅輕重程度嚟搞分級^[3]。

截肢（A）

截肢嘅分級制度最先喺1950年代搞，到1970年代初分咗成27個級咁多^[4]^[5]^[6]。到1976年先至下降到12個級，喺1992年舉辦嘅殘疾人奧運會先至降到9個分級制度^[4]^[5]^[7]。一般嚟講，凡係帶有截肢成分啲人都會以「A」級表示，其中A出自英文「amputee」一詞嘅頭拉丁字。其中：

分級	意思	註	運動員舉例
A1	雙髀高位截肢		錢紅艷
A2	單髀高位截肢
A3	雙髀低位截肢
A4	單髀低位截肢		余翠怡
A5	雙臂高位截肢
A6	單臂高位截肢
A7	雙臂低位截肢
A8	單臂低位截肢
A9	混合截肢^{[註 1]}	單肢人或海豚人都算	郭少宇

盲公（B）

盲公嘅分級制度最先喺1970～1980年代搞^[8]，最先喺舢板賽入面用，後嚟好多盲公參加噉嘅賽事而喺其它賽事產生分級制度出現五花八門^[9]，不過分級淨得三種。一般嚟講，凡係帶有盲公或視力障礙成分啲人都會以「B」級表示，其中B出自英文「blind」一詞嘅頭拉丁字。其中：

分級	意思	註
B1	視力嚴重殘疾或盲人	完全或幾乎睇唔到嘢，直呈眼盲，要凸字輔助。
B2	視力表度數：1.50～2.60 視野角度：θ＜10°	以LogMAR視力表為準
B3	視力表度數：2/60～6/60 視野直徑：5°＜θ＜20°	以LogMAR視力表為準需要眼鏡輔助比賽

腦癱（CP）

腦癱嘅分級制度最先喺1980年代搞，嗰時得4個分級^[10]^[11]^[11]。後嚟發現有啲腦癱特徵同截肢人士相似，隨後4個級嘅制度被告廢除兼重新研究^[12]^[13]^[14]。直到2000年先至重新恢復返腦癱嘅分級系統，重要分成8個級^[11]^[13]^[15]。一般嚟講，凡係帶有腦癱成分啲人都會以「CP」級表示，其中CP出自英文「cerebral palsy」兩詞嘅每個頭拉丁字。其中：

分級	乜意思	需要輔助道具	註	運動員舉例
CP1	四肢癱瘓	電動輪椅
CP2	四肢癱瘓	電動輪椅	可以自由控制上肢
CP3	上半身同埋頭部靈活唔方便	輪椅、傷殘人士輔助設備	可以行得逳
CP4	上半身同埋頭部靈活唔方便	輪椅、傷殘人士輔助設備	幾乎下肢癱瘓	黃文攀
CP5	上半身有巨大功能控制	傷殘人士輔助設備	可以行得逳但行唔得快
CP6	全身唔停噉逳		可以行得、走得
CP7	受腦癱影響而需要跪住嚟行		要行得、走得
CP8	好少有物理性腦癱影響，有至少一肢出現痙攣狀態。

脊髓損傷（F）

其它（LAF）

註同攷

註

↑ 必須要髀、臂兩者同時有截肢記錄，但指趾類唔算。

攷

↑ Chapter 4.4 - Position Statement on background and scientific rationale for classification in Paralympic sport (PDF). International Paralympic Committee. December 2009.
↑ "ISMWSF History". Int'l Wheelchair & Amputee Sports Federation. Int'l Wheelchair & Amputee Sports Federation. 原著喺2017-09-21歸檔. 喺2016-07-29搵到.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 "Introduction to Classification in Sport". International Bowls for the Disabled. International Bowls for the Disabled. 原著喺2016年8月16號歸檔. 喺July 29, 2016搵到.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 DeLisa, Joel A.; Gans, Bruce M.; Walsh, Nicholas E. (2005-01-01). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice (英文). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780781741309.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Pasquina, Paul F.; Cooper, Rory A. (2009-01-01). Care of the Combat Amputee (英文). Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160840777.
↑ Hassani, Hossein; Ghodsi, Mansi; Shadi, Mehran; Noroozi, Siamak; Dyer, Bryce (2015). "An Overview of the Running Performance of Athletes with Lower-Limb Amputation at the Paralympic Games 2004–2012" (PDF). Sports. 3 (2): 103–115. doi:10.3390/sports3020103.
↑ Tweedy, Sean M. (2002). "Taxonomic Theory and the ICF: Foundations for a Unified Disability Athletics Classification". Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 19 (2): 220–237. doi:10.1123/apaq.19.2.220. PMID 28195770.
↑ Stichting Roeivalidatie (1991). International Symposium Adaptive Rowing Amsterdam June, 26-27 1991. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Stichting Roeivalidatie. p. 18. OCLC 221080358.
↑ Stichting Roeivalidatie (1991). International Symposium Adaptive Rowing Amsterdam June, 26-27 1991. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Stichting Roeivalidatie. p. 19. OCLC 221080358.
↑ Clair, Jill M. Le (2013-09-13). Disability in the Global Sport Arena: A Sporting Chance (英文). Routledge. ISBN 9781135694241.
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 Brittain, Ian (2016-07-01). The Paralympic Games Explained: Second Edition (英文). Routledge. ISBN 9781317404156.
↑ "Classification Profiles" (PDF). Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association. Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association. 原著 (PDF)喺August 18, 2016歸檔. 喺July 22, 2016搵到.
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 Hardman, Alun R.; Jones, Carwyn (2010-12-02). The Ethics of Sports Coaching (英文). Routledge. ISBN 9781135282967.
↑ "DEPORTE Y DISCAPACIDAD". Revista Digital (西班牙文) (第43版). 布宜諾斯艾利斯. December 2001. 喺July 23, 2016搵到.
↑
Multiple sources:
- Howe, David (2008-02-19). The Cultural Politics of the Paralympic Movement: Through an Anthropological Lens (英文). Routledge. ISBN 9781134440832.
- Baker, Joe; Safai, Parissa; Fraser-Thomas, Jessica (2014-10-17). Health and Elite Sport: Is High Performance Sport a Healthy Pursuit? (英文). Routledge. ISBN 9781134620012.
- Richter, Kenneth J.; Adams-Mushett, Carol; Ferrara, Michael S.; McCann, B. Cairbre (1992). "Integrated Swimming Classification: A Faulted System". Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 9: 5–13. doi:10.1123/apaq.9.1.5.

[8] 必須要髀、臂兩者同時有截肢記錄，但指趾類唔算。

[IPC_Chapter_4.4-1] Chapter 4.4 - Position Statement on background and scientific rationale for classification in Paralympic sport (PDF). International Paralympic Committee. December 2009.

[:14-2] "ISMWSF History". Int'l Wheelchair & Amputee Sports Federation. Int'l Wheelchair & Amputee Sports Federation. 原著喺2017-09-21歸檔. 喺2016-07-29搵到.

[:0-3] 3.0 ^3.1 "Introduction to Classification in Sport". International Bowls for the Disabled. International Bowls for the Disabled. 原著喺2016年8月16號歸檔. 喺July 29, 2016搵到.

[:84-4] 4.0 ^4.1 DeLisa, Joel A.; Gans, Bruce M.; Walsh, Nicholas E. (2005-01-01). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice (英文). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780781741309.

[:126-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Pasquina, Paul F.; Cooper, Rory A. (2009-01-01). Care of the Combat Amputee (英文). Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160840777.

[Hassani_et_al_2015-6] Hassani, Hossein; Ghodsi, Mansi; Shadi, Mehran; Noroozi, Siamak; Dyer, Bryce (2015). "An Overview of the Running Performance of Athletes with Lower-Limb Amputation at the Paralympic Games 2004–2012" (PDF). Sports. 3 (2): 103–115. doi:10.3390/sports3020103.

[Tweedy2002-7] Tweedy, Sean M. (2002). "Taxonomic Theory and the ICF: Foundations for a Unified Disability Athletics Classification". Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 19 (2): 220–237. doi:10.1123/apaq.19.2.220. PMID 28195770.

[adaptiverowingsymposium-18-9] Stichting Roeivalidatie (1991). International Symposium Adaptive Rowing Amsterdam June, 26-27 1991. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Stichting Roeivalidatie. p. 18. OCLC 221080358.

[adaptiverowingsymposium-19-10] Stichting Roeivalidatie (1991). International Symposium Adaptive Rowing Amsterdam June, 26-27 1991. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Stichting Roeivalidatie. p. 19. OCLC 221080358.

[:105-11] Clair, Jill M. Le (2013-09-13). Disability in the Global Sport Arena: A Sporting Chance (英文). Routledge. ISBN 9781135694241.

[:114-12] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 Brittain, Ian (2016-07-01). The Paralympic Games Explained: Second Edition (英文). Routledge. ISBN 9781317404156.

[:111-13] "Classification Profiles" (PDF). Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association. Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association. 原著 (PDF)喺August 18, 2016歸檔. 喺July 22, 2016搵到.

[:94-14] 13.0 ^13.1 Hardman, Alun R.; Jones, Carwyn (2010-12-02). The Ethics of Sports Coaching (英文). Routledge. ISBN 9781135282967.

[15] "DEPORTE Y DISCAPACIDAD". Revista Digital (西班牙文) (第43版). 布宜諾斯艾利斯. December 2001. 喺July 23, 2016搵到.

[16] Multiple sources:
Howe, David (2008-02-19). The Cultural Politics of the Paralympic Movement: Through an Anthropological Lens (英文). Routledge. ISBN 9781134440832.

Baker, Joe; Safai, Parissa; Fraser-Thomas, Jessica (2014-10-17). Health and Elite Sport: Is High Performance Sport a Healthy Pursuit? (英文). Routledge. ISBN 9781134620012.

Richter, Kenneth J.; Adams-Mushett, Carol; Ferrara, Michael S.; McCann, B. Cairbre (1992). "Integrated Swimming Classification: A Faulted System". Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 9: 5–13. doi:10.1123/apaq.9.1.5.

[17] Howe, David (2008-02-19). The Cultural Politics of the Paralympic Movement: Through an Anthropological Lens (英文). Routledge. ISBN 9781134440832.

[18] Baker, Joe; Safai, Parissa; Fraser-Thomas, Jessica (2014-10-17). Health and Elite Sport: Is High Performance Sport a Healthy Pursuit? (英文). Routledge. ISBN 9781134620012.

[19] Richter, Kenneth J.; Adams-Mushett, Carol; Ferrara, Michael S.; McCann, B. Cairbre (1992). "Integrated Swimming Classification: A Faulted System". Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 9: 5–13. doi:10.1123/apaq.9.1.5.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[註 1]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]