比較神經心理學
神經細胞量
編輯有唔少神經科學家都致力研究唔同動物物種嘅神經細胞之間有乜差異,以及呢啲差異又點樣引致唔同物種喺認知能力等方面嘅差異:絕大多數嘅現存動物物種都有神經細胞,淨係得好似海綿等構造極之簡單嘅動物會冇神經細胞[1];喺有神經系統嘅動物之間,唔同動物嘅神經系統喺規模同結構上可以好唔同,而神經系統嘅規模以及結構同嗰種動物嘅行為以及智能有關,例如喺哺乳類動物當中,腦嘅大細就同智能有正相關[2][3]。
物種 | 全身神經細胞數量 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
秀麗隱桿綫蟲 (C. elegans) |
一種行為極之簡單嘅動物;每一條蟲有嘅神經細胞數量同神經細胞之間嘅聯繫都一模一樣,所以神經科學家好興攞佢哋嚟做啲簡單嘅研究[4]。 | |
白蚱 (Cnidaria) |
冇腦,能夠對外界刺激俾反應,但冇乜智能可言[6]。 | |
黑腹果蠅 (Drosophila melanogaster) |
經已有相當複雜嘅行為;除咗基本嘅維生能力之外,黑腹果蠅公出咗名喺向啲乸求偶嗰陣會進行快速嘅學習,按求偶對象嘅反應調整自己嘅行為[7][8]。 | |
蜜蜂 (Apis) |
具有高度嘅社會性,曉用語言向同伴傳達相當複雜嘅資訊,採蜜嗰時能夠將花嘅位置記住超過一個禮拜,仲識得建築大過自己身體好多嘅結構[9]。 | |
八爪魚 (Octopoda) |
係非人類嘅動物當中首屈一指咁聰明嘅;八爪魚具有長期記憶能力、識得學習、曉運用工具[11],喺水族館入面出咗名成日會用各種方法逃走,搞到水族館工作人員好頭痛[12]。 | |
貓 (Felis silvestris catus) |
有複雜嘅行為,有長期記憶能力、識得學習,仲能夠學做各種嘅指令[14]。 | |
人類 (Homo Sapien) |
能夠建立文明。 |
睇埋
編輯攷
編輯- ↑ Milner, A. D. (1998). Introduction: Comparative Neuropsychology. Chicago: Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Herculano-Houzel, S. (2009). The human brain in numbers: a linearly scaled-up primate brain. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 3, 31.
- ↑ Williams RW, Herrup K (1988). "The control of neuron number". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 11 (1): 423–53.
- ↑ Sengupta, P., & Samuel, A. D. (2009). Caenorhabditis elegans: a model system for systems neuroscience. Current opinion in neurobiology, 19(6), 637-643.
- ↑ Bode, H.; Berking, S.; David, C. N.; Gierer, A.; Schaller, H.; Trenkner, E. (1973). "Quantitative analysis of cell types during growth and morphogenesis in Hydra". Wilhelm Roux Archiv für Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen. 171 (4): 269–285.
- ↑ Brainless jellyfish smarter than you might think. LIVESCIENCE.COM.
- ↑ Kamikouchi, A., Shimada, T., & Ito, K. E. I. (2006). Comprehensive classification of the auditory sensory projections in the brain of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 499(3), 317-356.
- ↑ Dukas R (2004). "Male fruit flies learn to avoid interspecific courtship". Behavioral Ecology. 15 (4): 695–698.
- ↑ The Remarkable Bee Brain.
- ↑ Chudler, Eric H. "Brain Facts and Figures". Neuroscience for Kids.
- ↑ Finn, J. K.; Tregenza, T.; Norman, M. D. (2009). "Defensive tool use in a coconut-carrying octopus". Current Biology. 19 (23): R1069–70.
- ↑ Mather, J. A., & Anderson, R. C. (2000). Octopuses are smart suckers. The cephalopod page. Retrieved June, 15, 2001.
- ↑ Jardim-Messeder, Débora; Lambert, Kelly; Noctor, Stephen; Pestana, Fernanda M.; Leal, de Castro; E, Maria; Bertelsen, Mads F.; Alagaili, Abdulaziz N.; Mohammad, Osama B. (2017). "Dogs Have the Most Neurons, Though Not the Largest Brain: Trade-Off between Body Mass and Number of Neurons in the Cerebral Cortex of Large Carnivoran Species". Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. 11: 118.
- ↑ How Smart Is Your Cat?.