生成藝術

生成藝術（粵拼：saang1 sing4 ngai6 seot6；英文：generative art）係指局部或者完全由自主系統（autonomous system）創造嘅藝術，當中「自主系統」係指一啲非人類、但一定程度上曉做決策嘅系統，呢個系統係由一位藝術家為咗要整一件生成藝術品而整嘅。

舉個例說明，想像有位藝術家，佢寫咗個電腦程式，個電腦程式行咗之後會產生一幅影像，嗰幅影像係個藝術家有意整嘅（佢對編程有返咁上下熟，知道呢個程式行咗會出幅噉嘅圖）－呢幅影像就係一件生成藝術作品^[1]^[2]。

概念

對生成藝術嘅討論好多時以演算法藝術做中心，但查實生成藝術唔只限於演算法藝術：一位藝術家可以創造一個生物性或者化學性嘅系統，並且有意噉要個系統創造一幅藝術作品；喺呢啲情況下，位藝術家做緊嘅嘢定義上依然算係生成藝術－用電腦程式生成藝術嘅演算法藝術只係生成藝術嘅一種^[2]^[3]。

影響

生成藝術引起咗廿一世紀藝術界對人工智能（AI）等課題嘅思考：有研究生成藝術嘅學者就以演算法藝術（algorithmic art；用電腦程式整藝術品嘅做法）為例，佢哋指出，當一個程式有返咁上下複雜－有成千上萬行碼－嗰陣，人往往會冇能力完全預測個程式嘅運作結果；假如一個生成藝術家寫咗個複雜嘅程式，而個程式創出咗一幅佢意料之外嘅作品，噉幅作品應該算係由位藝術家創造嘅，定算係由個程式創造嘅呢？而如果幅作品係由個程式創造嘅，噉個程式算唔算係展現緊類似人噉嘅智能^[4]？

呢類問題勾起咗藝術界同人工智能領域等嘅專家嘅合作同辯論^[5]。

睇埋

參考

Oliver, Grau (2003). Virtual Art: From Illusion to Immersion (MIT Press/Leonardo Book Series). Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-07241-6.
Wands, Bruce (2006). Art of the Digital Age, London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-23817-0.
Matt, Pearson. Generative art : a practical guide using processing. Manning 2011.
[1]"Epigenetic Painting:Software as Genotype", Roman Verostko(International Symposium on Electronic Art, Utrecht, 1988); Leonardo, 23:1,1990, pp. 17–23.

攷

↑ McCormack,J. (2003)‘Art andthe mirror of nature’, Digital Creativity, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 3–22. (Special issue on Generative Computation and the Arts, ed. Paul Brown.)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Dorin, A., McCabe, J., McCormack, J., Monro, G., & Whitelaw, M. (2012). A framework for understanding generative art. Digital Creativity, 23(3-4), 239-259.
↑ Chen, C. Y., & Hoyami, J. C. (2007). Autonomous systems for interactive digital art. In Tenth Generative Art Conference ga2007.
↑ Mitchell Whitelaw, Metacreation: Art and artificial life. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 2004.
↑ McCormack, J., Bown, O., Dorin, A., McCabe, J., Monro, G., & Whitelaw, M. (2014). Ten questions concerning generative computer art. Leonardo, 47(2), 135-141.

拎

Playing with Time A conversation between Will Wright and Brian Eno on generative creation.
Off Book: Generative Art - Computers, Data, and Humanity Documentary produced by Off Book.
Thomas Dreher: History of Computer Art, chap.III.2, IV.3, VIII.1.

[1] McCormack,J. (2003)‘Art andthe mirror of nature’, Digital Creativity, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 3–22. (Special issue on Generative Computation and the Arts, ed. Paul Brown.)

[dorin2012-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Dorin, A., McCabe, J., McCormack, J., Monro, G., & Whitelaw, M. (2012). A framework for understanding generative art. Digital Creativity, 23(3-4), 239-259.

[3] Chen, C. Y., & Hoyami, J. C. (2007). Autonomous systems for interactive digital art. In Tenth Generative Art Conference ga2007.

[4] Mitchell Whitelaw, Metacreation: Art and artificial life. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 2004.

[5] McCormack, J., Bown, O., Dorin, A., McCabe, J., Monro, G., & Whitelaw, M. (2014). Ten questions concerning generative computer art. Leonardo, 47(2), 135-141.

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