↑ Carl Waldman & Catherine Mason, 2006, Encyclopedia of European Peoples, Volume 2 , New York: Infobase Publishing, p. 769.
↑ Curta, Florin (2004). "The Slavic lingua franca (Linguistic Notes of an Archeologist Turned Historian)" (PDF) . East Central Europe/L'Europe du Centre-Est . 31 (1): 132.
↑ Curta, Florin (2004). "The Slavic lingua franca (Linguistic notes of an archaeologist turned historian)" . East Central Europe/L'Europe du Centre-Est . 31 : 125–148. doi :10.1163/187633004X00134 . 喺29 May 2015搵到 . By contrast, there is very little evidence that speakers of Slavic had any significant contact with Turkic. As a consequence, and since the latest stratum of loan words in Common Slavic is Iranian in origin, Johanna Nichols advanced the idea that the Avars spoke an Iranian, not a Turkic language.
↑ Helimski, E (2004). "Die Sprache(n) der Awaren: Die mandschu-tungusische Alternative". Proceedings of the First International Conference on Manchu-Tungus Studies, Vol. II : 59–72.
↑ Fuente, José Andrés Alonso de la. "Tungusic Historical Linguistics and the Buyla (a.k.a. Nagyszentmiklós) Inscription" . academia.edu .
↑ Harmatta, János (1995). "Sogdian Inscriptions on Avar Objects". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientarium Hung . XLVIII (1–2): 61–65. JSTOR 43391205 .