出生缺陷
Birth defect | |
---|---|
同義詞 | Congenital disorder, congenital disease, congenital deformity, congenital anomaly[1] |
A boy with Down syndrome, one of the most common birth defects[2] | |
病徵 | Physical disability, intellectual disability, developmental disability[3] |
通常發病 | Present at birth[3] |
類型 | Structural, functional[4] |
起因 | Genetics, exposure to certain medications or chemicals, certain infections during pregnancy[5] |
風險因數 | Not enough folic acid, drinking alcohol or smoking, poorly controlled diabetes, mother over the age of 35[6][7] |
醫 | Therapy, medication, surgery, assistive technology[8] |
盛行率 | 3% of newborns (US)[2] |
死亡數 | 628,000 (2015)[9] |
分類同拎 | |
醫學專科 | Medical genetics, pediatrics |
DiseasesDB | 28811 |
出生缺陷嘅原因有基因或者染色體疾病,接觸過某啲藥物或者化學品,或者佗仔期間嘅某啲感染。成因有可能包括葉酸不足,佗仔嗰陣攝取酒精或者尼古丁,控制不善嘅糖尿病,或者係阿媽老得滯(35歲以上)呀噉。有時同一時間有多種因素(引致出生缺陷)。有啲出生缺陷喺出世嗰時已經顯現,亦都可能要檢查先診斷到。個 BB 出世之前,可以通過唔同嘅產前測試檢測嚟發現到唔同嘅缺陷。
治療方法要睇喺邊種缺陷類型。可以包括治療,藥物,手術,或輔助技術。截至2015年,出生缺陷嘅受影響人數大約9600萬人。[8][8][10] 喺美國,大約3%嘅初生 BB 有出生缺陷。淨係2015年就已經有大約62萬8千人因此死亡,而1990年有75萬1千人。死亡人數最多嘅類型有:第一位係先天性心臟病,人數有30萬3千;第二位係神經管缺陷,人數有6萬5千。[2][11][9][9]
分類
編輯用嚟描述先天條件嘅大部分語言早於基因組映射,結構條件通常被視為與其他先天條例分開。 好多代謝條件宜家已經知道有微妙嘅結構表達,而且結構條件通常有基因聯繫。 儘管如此,先天的疾病通常由受影響嘅主要器官分類。
主要結構
編輯有幾個術語用嚟描述先天異常情況。 (其中一些也用來描述非先天的情況,並且多個術語用於描述同一個情況。)
術語
編輯睇埋
編輯攷
編輯- ↑ Ruth A. Hannon (2010). Porth pathophysiology : concepts of altered health states (第1st Canadian版). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 128. ISBN 978-1-60547-781-7. 原先內容歸檔喺2017-08-20. 喺2017-08-30搵到.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Birth Defects". Dec 15, 2015. 原先內容歸檔喺18 June 2018. 喺17 Jan 2016搵到. 引用錯誤 Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "CDC2015Epi" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Birth Defects: Condition Information". www.nichd.nih.gov. 原先內容歸檔喺22 December 2017. 喺8 December 2017搵到. 引用錯誤 Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "NIH2017Def" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "What are the types of birth defects?". www.nichd.nih.gov. 原先內容歸檔喺22 December 2017. 喺8 December 2017搵到. 引用錯誤 Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "NIH2017What" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "What causes birth defects?". www.nichd.nih.gov. 原先內容歸檔喺17 December 2017. 喺8 December 2017搵到.
- ↑ "How many people are affected by/at risk for birth defects?". www.nichd.nih.gov. 原先內容歸檔喺17 December 2017. 喺8 December 2017搵到.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Facts Birth Defects". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (美國英文). 7 September 2017. 原先內容歸檔喺15 June 2018. 喺8 December 2017搵到. 引用錯誤 Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "CDC2017Fact" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "What are the treatments for birth defects?". www.nichd.nih.gov. 原先內容歸檔喺20 December 2017. 喺8 December 2017搵到. 引用錯誤 Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "NIH2017Tx" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
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has generic name (help) 引用錯誤 Invalid<ref>
tag; name "GBD2015De" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
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:|first=
has generic name (help) - ↑ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
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:|first=
has generic name (help)