印象派
印象派(粵拼:jan3 zoeng6 paai1;法文:Impressionnisme)係19世紀尾法國畫界開展嘅一場藝術運動。
特徵
編輯- 用幼細、但明顯睇得到嘅筆觸;
- 構圖開放,放寬咗「主題」同「背景」之間嘅界線;
- 平凡嘅題材,興畫日常生活嘅景象,相對於傳統歐洲畫藝偏好以歷史大事或者聖經故仔等「宏大」嘅嘢做題材;
- 異常嘅視角;
- 以物件嘅郁動作為人類感知嘅重要部份,好多時會用濛濛地嘅圖像代表物件嘅郁動-畫家嘗試捕捉望到物件嗰一剎那所見到嘅影像(「印象」);
- 強調準確噉描繪光嘅變化-印象派畫家受到當時物理學上光學知識嘅演進影響,反對當時歐洲畫家淨係喺室內畫畫嘅傳統,會走去室外畫畫,嘗試了解喺自然光下嘅物件嘅色水應該係點嘅。
以法國畫家莫奈喺 1874 年畫嘅油畫《日出印象》(法文:Impression, soleil levant)為例,日出印象廣泛噉俾人認同係印象派嘅代表作,呢幅畫題材好平凡,描繪一個日出景象,畫一個室外見到嘅景,而且畫中物件好濛,強調咗啲物件嘅郁動同光暗[1]。
小史
編輯印象派喺歷史上幾經轉折:初頭(當時嚟講好反傳統嘅)印象派廣受法國藝術界批評,例如因為印象派畫家興畫一啲平凡、日常生活當中嘅嘢,搞到當時嘅(偏好宏大題材嘅)法國畫界覺得佢哋難登大雅之堂;不過,打後喺一眾印象派畫家嘅努力下,印象派出咗好多重要嘅技法同名作,最後得到成個歐洲藝術界承認佢哋係一個有睇頭嘅藝術流派[3][4]。而到咗廿一世紀,印象派經已成為西方藝術界嘅一個重要流派,仲影響咗世界多地嘅畫畫藝術,好似係粵港澳地區嘅嶺南畫派噉,就係結咗國畫同印象派思潮而生嘅一個畫派[5]。
圖庫
編輯-
Frédéric Bazille, Paysage au bord du Lez, 1870, Minneapolis Institute of Art
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Alfred Sisley, Bridge at Villeneuve-la-Garenne, 1872, Metropolitan Museum of Art
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Berthe Morisot, The Cradle, 1872, Musée d'Orsay
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Armand Guillaumin, Sunset at Ivry (Soleil couchant à Ivry), 1873, Musée d'Orsay
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Édouard Manet, Boating, 1874, Metropolitan Museum of Art
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Alfred Sisley, La Seine au Point du jour, 1877, Museum of modern art André Malraux - MuMa, Le Havre
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Édouard Manet, The Plum, 1878, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
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Édouard Manet, A Bar at the Folies-Bergère (Un Bar aux Folies-Bergère), 1882, Courtauld Institute of Art
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Edgar Degas, After the Bath, Woman Drying Herself, c. 1884–1886 (reworked between 1890 and 1900), MuMa, Le Havre
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Edgar Degas, L'Absinthe, 1876, Musée d'Orsay, Paris
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Edgar Degas, Dancer with a Bouquet of Flowers (Star of the Ballet), 1878
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Edgar Degas, Woman in the Bath, 1886, Hill–Stead Museum, Farmington, Connecticut
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Edgar Degas, Dancers at The Bar, 1888, The Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C.
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Gustave Caillebotte, Paris Street; Rainy Day, 1877, Art Institute of Chicago
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Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Portrait of Mademoiselle Irène Cahen d'Anvers (La Petite Irène), 1880, Foundation E.G. Bührle, Zürich
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Pierre-Auguste Renoir, On the Terrace, 1881, Art Institute of Chicago
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Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Girl with a Hoop, 1885
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Claude Monet, The Cliff at Étretat after the Storm, 1885, Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts
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Mary Cassatt, The Child's Bath (The Bath), 1893, oil on canvas, Art Institute of Chicago
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Berthe Morisot, Portrait of Mme Boursier and Her Daughter, c. 1873, Brooklyn Museum
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Le Grand Canal, 1908, Claude Monet
睇埋
編輯攷
編輯- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hauser, A. (2005). Social history of art, volume 4: naturalism, Impressionism, the film age. Routledge.
- ↑ Samu, M. (2004). Impressionism: Art and modernity. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History.
- ↑ Samu, Margaret. "Impressionism: Art and Modernity". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000 (October 2004).
- ↑ Cole, Bruce (1991). Art of the Western World: From Ancient Greece to Post Modernism. Simon and Schuster. p. 242.
- ↑ Croizier, R. C. (1988). Art and Revolution in Modern China: the Lingnan (Cantonese) school of painting, 1906-1951 (Vol. 29). Univ of California Press.
參考
編輯- Baumann, Felix Andreas, Marianne Karabelnik-Matta, Jean Sutherland Boggs, and Tobia Bezzola (1994). Degas Portraits. London: Merrell Holberton. ISBN 1-85894-014-1
- Bomford, David, Jo Kirby, John Leighton, Ashok Roy, and Raymond White (1990). Impressionism. London: National Gallery. ISBN 0-300-05035-6
- Denvir, Bernard (1990). The Thames and Hudson Encyclopaedia of Impressionism. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-20239-7
- Distel, Anne, Michel Hoog, and Charles S. Moffett (1974). Impressionism; a centenary exhibition, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, December 12, 1974-February 10, 1975. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 0-8709-9097-7
- Eisenman, Stephen F (2011). "From Corot to Monet: The Ecology of Impressionism". Milan: Skira. ISBN 8857207064.
- Gordon, Robert; Forge, Andrew (1988). Degas. New York: Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-1142-6
- Gowing, Lawrence, with Adriani, Götz; Krumrine, Mary Louise; Lewis, Mary Tompkins; Patin, Sylvie; Rewald, John (1988). Cézanne: The Early Years 1859-1872. New York: Harry N. Abrams.
- Jensen, Robert (1994). Marketing modernism in fin-de-siècle Europe. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691033331.
- Moskowitz, Ira; Sérullaz, Maurice (1962). French Impressionists: A Selection of Drawings of the French 19th Century. Boston and Toronto: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0-316-58560-2
- Rewald, John (1973). The History of Impressionism (4th, Revised Ed.). New York: The Museum of Modern Art. ISBN 0-87070-360-9
- Richardson, John (1976). Manet (3rd Ed.). Oxford: Phaidon Press Ltd. ISBN 0-7148-1743-0
- Rosenblum, Robert (1989). Paintings in the Musée d'Orsay. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang. ISBN 1-55670-099-7
- Moffett, Charles S. (1986). "The New Painting, Impressionism 1874-1886". Geneva: Richard Burton SA.
拎
編輯維基同享有多媒體嘅嘢:
- Hecht Museum.
- Museumsportal Schleswig-Holstein.
- Suburban Pastoral. The Guardian, 24 February 2007.
- Impressionism: Paintings collected by European Museums (1999) was an art exhibition co-organized by the High Museum of Art, Atlanta, the Seattle Art Museum, and the Denver Art Museum, touring from May through December 1999. Online guided tour.
- Monet's Years at Giverny: Beyond Impressionism, exhibition catalogue fully online as PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which discusses Monet's role in this movement.
- Degas: The Artist's Mind, exhibition catalogue fully online as PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which discusses Degas's role in this movement.
- Definition of impressionism on the Tate Art Glossary.