維基百科

土耳其人

土耳其人（粵拼：tou2 ji5 kei4 jan4，土耳其文：Türkler）係發源自土耳其嘅一個族群，估計全球約莫有6.3到6.9千萬人。

土耳其人
>Türkler
Turks collage.png
總人口
大約7200–7700 萬
分佈地區
 土耳其 63,589,988–65,560,701
(2008 est. of 2015 pop.)[1]
 北塞浦路斯 315,000 d[›][2][3]
 德國2,774,000 (包括土耳其庫德人（英文：Kurds in Turkey）)[4]
 法國820,000 (2014 estimate)[5][5]
 英國500,000a[›][6][7][8]
 荷蘭396,414e[›]–500,000c[›][9][10][11][12]
 奧地利350,000–500,000[13][14]
 比利時200,000[15][16][17]
 美國196,222–500,000 b[›][18][19][20][21]
 瑞典100,000–150,000[22][23]
 瑞士70,440 e[›][24]
 澳洲66,919–150,000 b[›][25][26][27][28]
 丹麥28,892 f[›]b[›][29]
 加拿大24,910 b[›][30]
意大利22,580 e[›][31]
 以色列22,000[32]
 伊拉克500,000–3,000,000[33][34][35]l[›]
 敘利亞100,000[36]
 沙特阿拉伯150,000–200,000 b[›][37][38]
 約旦60,000[37]
 黎巴嫩50,000–200,000[39][40][41][42]
 利比亞50,000 b[›][37]
 保加利亞588,318–800,000[43][44][45]
 北馬其頓77,959[46][47][48][49]
 希臘49,000 (官方統計)–130,000 g[›][50][51][52][53]
 羅馬尼亞27,700[54][55][56]
 科索沃18,738[57]
 俄羅斯109,883–150,000[58][59]
 哈薩克104,792–150,000 h[›][60][61]
 吉爾吉斯40,953–50,000 h[›][62][61][63]
 阿塞拜疆38,000–110,000 h[›][64][61][65][66]
語言
土耳其語
宗教信仰
主要為伊斯蘭教[67][68][69][70]
（遜尼派、阿列維派、拜克塔什教團、十二伊瑪目派）
少數無宗教[67][71]、基督宗教[72][73]Template:、猶太教[74]
註解
a. ^ The total figure is merely an estimation; sum of all the referenced populations.

攷改

  1. ↑ CIA. "The World Factbook". 原著喺2017-09-20歸檔. 喺2011-07-27搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ CIA. "The World Factbook". 原著喺2018-12-26歸檔. 喺2015-06-13搵到. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ "KKTC 2011 NUFUS VE KONUT SAYIMI" (PDF). 原著 (PDF)喺2013-09-27歸檔. 喺2014-02-14搵到. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ "Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund - Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus - Fachserie 1 Reihe 2.2 - 2017" (PDF). Statistisches Bundesamt (德文). p. 61. 原著 (PDF)喺2019-07-17歸檔. 喺2019-07-17搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Présentation de la Turquie". France Diplomatie : : Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères. 原著喺2021-01-16歸檔. 喺2017-12-12搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ Template:Harvard citation no brackets
  7. ↑ "UK immigration analysis needed on Turkish legal migration, say MPs". The Guardian. 2011-08-01. 原著喺2011-08-02歸檔. 喺2011-08-01搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ Federation of Turkish Associations UK (2008-06-19). "Short history of the Federation of Turkish Associations in UK". 原著喺2012-01-10歸檔. 喺2011-04-13搵到. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ "CBS Statline". opendata.cbs.nl. 原著喺2017-08-03歸檔. 喺2019-08-10搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ Netherlands Info Services. "Dutch Queen Tells Turkey 'First Steps Taken' On EU Membership Road". 原著喺2009-01-13歸檔. 喺2008-12-16搵到. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  11. ↑ Dutch News. "Dutch Turks swindled, AFM to investigate". 原著喺2018-12-25歸檔. 喺2008-12-16搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi 2008, 11.
  13. ↑ "Turkey's ambassador to Austria prompts immigration spat". BBC News. 2010-11-10. 原著喺2017-09-19歸檔. 喺2010-11-10搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  14. ↑ CBN. "Turkey's Islamic Ambitions Grip Austria". 原著喺2010-04-09歸檔. 喺2011-10-16搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  15. ↑ "Population par nationalité, sexe, groupe et classe d'âges au 1er janvier 2010 - - Home". 原著喺2011-12-22歸檔. 喺2019-08-10搵到. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  16. ↑ King Baudouin Foundation 2008, 5.
  17. ↑ De Morgen. "Koning Boudewijnstichting doorprikt clichés rond Belgische Turken". 原著喺2012-07-29歸檔. 喺2010-11-15搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau. "TOTAL ANCESTRY REPORTED Universe: Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". 原著喺2013-06-02歸檔. 喺2012-10-03搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  19. ↑ Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. "Immigration and Ethnicity: Turks". 原著喺2018-12-25歸檔. 喺2010-02-07搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  20. ↑ The Washington Diplomat. "Census Takes Aim to Tally'Hard to Count' Populations". 原著喺2018-12-25歸檔. 喺2011-05-05搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  21. ↑ Farkas 2003, 40.
  22. ↑ Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. "Turkiet är en viktig bro mellan Öst och Väst". 原著喺2012-09-11歸檔. 喺2011-04-14搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  23. ↑ Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs. "Ankara Historia". 原著喺2011-07-22歸檔. 喺2011-04-14搵到. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  24. ↑ Ständige ausländische Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit, am Ende des Jahres 互聯網檔案館嘅歸檔，歸檔日期2012年1月30號，. Swiss Federal Statistical Office, accessed 6 October 2014
  25. ↑ "Australian Government Department of Immigration and Border Protection" (PDF). 原著 (PDF)喺2014-07-14歸檔. 喺2015-06-13搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  26. ↑ "Old foes, new friends". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2005-04-23. 原著喺2017-12-16歸檔. 喺2008-12-26搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  27. ↑ Presidency of the Republic of Turkey (2010). "Turkey-Australia: "From Çanakkale to a Great Friendship". 原著喺2011-10-04歸檔. 喺2011-07-14搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  28. ↑ OECD (2009). "International Questionnaire: Migrant Education Policies in Response to Longstanding Diversity: TURKEY" (PDF). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. p. 3. 原著 (PDF)喺2011-06-01歸檔. 喺2019-08-10搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  29. ↑ Statistikbanken. "Danmarks Statistik". 原著喺2012-07-14歸檔. 喺2015-06-13搵到. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  30. ↑ "Population by selected ethnic origins, by province and territory (2006 Census)". statcan.gc.ca. 2009-07-28. 原著喺2011-01-15歸檔. 喺2010-09-10搵到. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  31. ↑ "I cittadini non comunitari regolarmente soggiornanti Ascolta". 原著喺2014-11-13歸檔. 喺2016-05-01搵到. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  32. ↑ Council of Europe 2007, 131.
  33. ↑ Park 2005, 37.
  34. ↑ Phillips 2006, 112.
  35. ↑ Bassem, Wassim (2016). "Iraq's Turkmens call for independent province". Al-Monitor. 原著喺2016-10-17歸檔. 喺2019-08-10搵到. Turkmens are a mix of Sunnis and Shiites and are the third-largest ethnicity in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds, numbering about 3 million out of the total population of about 34.7 million, according to 2013 data from the Iraqi Ministry of Planning. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  36. ↑ Phillips, David J. (2001-01-01). Peoples on the Move: Introducing the Nomads of the World. William Carey Library. p. 301. ISBN 978-0-87808-352-7. 原著喺2021-01-16歸檔. 喺2012-11-12搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 Akar 1993, 95.
  38. ↑ Karpat 2004, 12.
  39. ↑ Al-Akhbar. "Lebanese Turks Seek Political and Social Recognition". 原著喺2018-06-20歸檔. 喺2012-03-02搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  40. ↑ "Tension adds to existing wounds in Lebanon". Today's Zaman. 原著喺2012-01-11歸檔. 喺2011-04-06搵到. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  41. ↑ Ahmed, Yusra (2015), Syrian Turkmen refugees face double suffering in Lebanon, Zaman Al Wasl, 原著喺2017-08-23歸檔, 喺2016-10-11搵到 Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  42. ↑ Syrian Observer (2015). "Syria's Turkmen Refugees Face Cruel Reality in Lebanon". 原著喺2016-10-11歸檔. 喺2016-10-10搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  43. ↑ National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria (2011). "2011 Population Census in the Republic of Bulgaria (Final data)" (PDF). National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria. 原著 (PDF)喺2013-04-03歸檔. 喺2019-08-10搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  44. ↑ Sosyal 2011, 369.
  45. ↑ Bokova 2010, 170.
  46. ↑ "Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Macedonia, 2002" (PDF). Stat.gov.mk. 原著 (PDF)喺2010-09-22歸檔. 喺2017-12-12搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  47. ↑ Republic of Macedonia State Statistical Office 2005, 34.
  48. ↑ Knowlton 2005, 66.
  49. ↑ Abrahams 1996, 53.
  50. ↑ "GREEK HELSINKI MONITOR". Minelres.lv. 原著喺2003-05-23歸檔. 喺2017-12-12搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  51. ↑ "Demographics of Greece". European Union National Languages. 原著喺2021-01-15歸檔. 喺2010-12-19搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  52. ↑ "Destroying Ethnic Identity: The Turks of Greece" (PDF). Human Rights Watch. 原著 (PDF)喺2021-01-16歸檔. 喺2018-01-03搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  53. ↑ "Turks Of Western Thrace". Human Rights Watch. 原著喺2021-01-18歸檔. 喺2018-01-03搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  54. ↑ Template:Ro icon "Comunicat de presă privind rezultatele definitive ale Recensământului Populaţiei şi Locuinţelor – 2011" 互聯網檔案館嘅歸檔，歸檔日期2020年5月9號，., at the 2011 Romanian census site; accessed 11 July 2013
  55. ↑ Phinnemore 2006, 157.
  56. ↑ Constantin, Goschin & Dragusin 2008, 59.
  57. ↑ 2011 census in the Republic of Kosovo
  58. ↑ 2010 Russia census
  59. ↑ Ryazantsev 2009, 172.
  60. ↑ "Агентство Республики Казахстан по статистике. Этнодемографический сборник Республики Казахстан 2014". Stat.gov.kz. 原著喺2017-11-08歸檔. 喺2017-12-12搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 Aydıngün et al. 2006, 13.
  62. ↑ Kyrgyz 2009 census
  63. ↑ IRIN Asia. "KYRGYZSTAN: Focus on Mesketian Turks". 原著喺2018-12-25歸檔. 喺2010-03-17搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  64. ↑ "Wayback Machine". Web.archive.org. 2012-11-30. 原著喺2012-11-30歸檔. 喺2017-12-12搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  65. ↑ UNHCR 1999, 14.
  66. ↑ NATO Parliamentary Assembly. "Minorities in the South Caucasus: Factor of Instability?". 原著喺2012-03-08歸檔. 喺2012-01-16搵到. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 "Religion, Secularism and the Veil in Daily Life Survey" (PDF). Konda Arastirma. September 2007. 原著喺2009-03-25歸檔. 喺2013-05-24搵到. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  68. ↑ "IHGD - Soru Cevap - Azınlıklar". Sorular.rightsagenda.org. 原著喺2018-11-30歸檔. 喺2015-03-18搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  69. ↑ "THE ALEVI OF ANATOLIA: TURKEY'S LARGEST MINORITY". Angelfire.com. 原著喺2012-04-23歸檔. 喺2015-03-18搵到. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  70. ↑ "Shi'a". Web.archive.org. 原著喺2021-01-16歸檔. 喺2015-03-18搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  71. ↑ "ReportDGResearchSocialValuesEN2.PDF" (PDF). Ec.europa.eu. 原著 (PDF)喺2011-08-21歸檔. 喺2017-12-12搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  72. ↑ name="hurriyetdailynews.com">"TURKEY - Christians in eastern Turkey worried despite church opening". Hurriyetdailynews.com. 原著喺2017-06-20歸檔. 喺2015-03-18搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  73. ↑ "BBC News - When Muslims become Christians". News.bbc.co.uk. 原著喺2017-06-20歸檔. 喺2015-03-18搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
  74. ↑ "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". Cia.gov. 原著喺2017-09-20歸檔. 喺2017-12-12搵到. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
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