基礎設施

基礎設施（粵拼：gei1 co2 cit3 si1；英文：infrastructure），又叫做基礎建設，簡稱基建，係一系列由大量互相關連嘅部件組成嘅系統，而呢啲系統負責支撐一笪地方持續噉運作－當中「地方」可以係一個社區、一座城市、一個省以至成個國家都得^[1]。基建嘅例子包括：

馬路同鐵路等嘅設施係運輸必要一環，一座城市冇咗呢啲嘢就會（例如）冇辦法將嘢食同食水等嘅必需品送去消費者去到嘅舖頭；
水管同水塘等嘅設施為笪地方嘅居民提供日常生活必需要用嘅水；
發電廠同架空電纜等嘅設施對供電嚟講不可或缺^[2]；

基礎設施嘅例子：

上：水塘（左）儲水；燈塔（右）引導船；
下：橋幫助交通（圖入面嘅係加州金門大橋）。

一笪有人住嘅地方可以想像成一個曉（靠基建）維持自己存在嘅大系統：運輸系統令工程師同建築工人等嘅人員可以將材料運去水塘同發電廠度，用啲材料幫水塘同發電廠做維修；同時水管同水塘嘅運作可能要用到電力，而發電廠嘅發電機又好多時要用水做冷卻劑^[3]；於是呢啲咁多唔同設施，就形成一個彼此緊密相依嘅系統；如果個系統設計得夠好，笪地方啲居民就唔使憂水電等嘅生活基本需要，可以從事各種生產，長遠達致經濟增長，跟住用生產賺返嚟嘅利潤起更多嘅基建，等個系統支援到更多嘅經濟活動－如是者個系統就愈碌愈大^[4]。

基建係社會同經濟嘅根基，所以有好多領域嘅人員都會落力諗同做基建相關嘅工作，例如工程學同城市規劃等領域嘅工作者會研究「基建嘅設計要點，先可以令成個系統更加有效」^[5]；經濟學等領域嘅工作者又會想分析「基建設計得好唔好」會點樣影響一笪地方嘅生產力^[6]；而專科學校又需要訓練好似電工噉嘅人員，負責落手落腳幫基建做檢查同維修等嘅工作^[7]。

硬基建改

現代交通基建

古羅馬水道基建

內文：硬基建

基礎設施包括：

軟基建改

內文：軟基建

睇埋改

攷改

↑ Fulmer, Jeffrey (2009). "What in the world is infrastructure?". PEI Infrastructure Investor (July/August): 30-32.
↑ Thomas, John Meurig (1991). Michael Faraday and the Royal Institution: The Genius of Man and Place. Bristol: Hilger.
↑ "Pressurized Water Reactor Systems" (PDF). USNRC Technical Training Center. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
↑ O'Sullivan, Arthur; Sheffrin, Steven M. (2003). Economics: Principles in Action. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 474.
↑ Sarkar, D. (2015). Thermal power plant: design and operation. Elsevier.
↑ Heintz, J., Pollin, R., & Garrett-Peltier, H. (2009). How infrastructure investments support the US economy: employment, productivity and growth. Political Economy Research Institute (PERI), University of Massachussetts Amberst.
↑ Tradies leading the nation's infrastructure & building recovery need to look after their most valuable asset - their health.

[1] Fulmer, Jeffrey (2009). "What in the world is infrastructure?". PEI Infrastructure Investor (July/August): 30-32.

[2] Thomas, John Meurig (1991). Michael Faraday and the Royal Institution: The Genius of Man and Place. Bristol: Hilger.

[3] "Pressurized Water Reactor Systems" (PDF). USNRC Technical Training Center. Retrieved March 12, 2019.

[4] O'Sullivan, Arthur; Sheffrin, Steven M. (2003). Economics: Principles in Action. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 474.

[5] Sarkar, D. (2015). Thermal power plant: design and operation. Elsevier.

[6] Heintz, J., Pollin, R., & Garrett-Peltier, H. (2009). How infrastructure investments support the US economy: employment, productivity and growth. Political Economy Research Institute (PERI), University of Massachussetts Amberst.

[7] Tradies leading the nation's infrastructure & building recovery need to look after their most valuable asset - their health.

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