東耶路撒冷
東耶路撒冷 (阿拉伯文:القدس الشرقية,羅馬拼音:al-Quds ash-Sharqiya、希伯來文:מִזְרַח יְרוּשָׁלַיִם,羅馬拼音:Mizraḥ Yerushalayim) 係耶路撒冷嘅喺東面嗰半,同西耶路撒冷加埋一齊就係成個城市。
歷史
編輯喺聯合國嘅181號決議入面,耶路撒冷本來係會成爲一個獨立嘅城邦,但係因爲第一次中東戰爭嘅關係而冇實行到。到打完仗之後,以色列實際控制咗西耶路撒冷,而約旦就控制咗東耶路撒冷,包括耶路撒冷古城[1][a]。
爭議
編輯根據國際法,東耶路撒冷係屬於西岸地區嘅一部分,所以應該係巴勒斯坦嘅國土[4][5] 。因爲咁,所以以色列喺嗰度起嘅聚居地通常都被認爲係非法[6][7]。
到依家,有唔少國家都承認東耶路撒冷做巴勒斯坦嘅首都,包括巴西[8]、中國[9]、俄羅斯[10]、同埋伊斯蘭會議組織嘅所有成員國[11]。亦有其他國家冇直接承認,只係話東耶路撒冷“將會係”巴勒斯坦國嘅首都,例如芬蘭[12]、澳洲[13]、同法國[14]。
耶路撒冷嘅地位一般都被認爲係以巴衝突其中最刺手嘅問題之一,因爲大家對唔同嘅地區同宗教建築宣稱嘅主權都唔一樣[15],甚至連個城市本身嘅邊界都未有共識[16]。
其中一個爭議嘅原因,係因爲東耶路撒冷包括埋耶路撒冷嘅古城,而入面有好多宗教建築,對以巴兩邊都非常有價值。最出名嘅建築包括:包括聖殿山嘅哭牆、圓頂清真寺、阿克薩清真寺、同埋聖墓大殿等等。
人口
編輯喺2020年嘅人口普查之中,東耶路撒冷嘅人口係大約 595,000 人,其中 361,700人 (61%) 係阿拉伯人,同埋 234,000人 (39%) 係猶太人[17][18]。
根據一份民調顯示,喺東耶路撒冷嘅阿拉伯人越嚟越融入以色列嘅社會,無論係國籍、教育、定係醫療方面等等[19][20]。調查亦發現,假如兩國方案實現,而受訪者有權揀做邊個國家嘅公民,有 48% 揀以色列、42% 揀巴勒斯坦、仲有 9% 揀約旦[21]。
睇埋
編輯註
編輯攷
編輯- ↑ Hasson, Shlomo (2000). "A Master Plan for Jerusalem: Stage One – the Survey". Jerusalem: Points Beyond Friction, and Beyond. Kluwer Law International. pp. 15–24. ISBN 978-90-411-8843-4. OCLC 43481699. 原先內容歸檔喺2021-05-12. 喺2017-08-31搵到.
- ↑ Korman, Sharon (1996). The Right of Conquest: The Acquisition of Territory by Force in International Law and Practice. Oxford University Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-19-158380-3. 原先內容歸檔喺12 May 2021.
- ↑ "Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 30 July 1980. 原先內容歸檔喺28 April 2019. 喺2 April 2007搵到.
- ↑ "The Illegality of the Israeli Occupation of the Palestinian West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and Gaza: What the International Court of Justice Will Have to Determine in its Advisory Opinion for the United Nations General Assembly". Opinio Juris (美國英文). 2022-12-23. 原先內容歸檔喺3 January 2023. 喺2023-01-03搵到.
- ↑ "East Jerusalem - OCHA" (PDF). 原先內容歸檔 (PDF)喺3 January 2023. 喺3 January 2023搵到.
- ↑ Utenriksdepartementet (2010-01-18). "Norge bekymret over situasjonen i Øst-Jerusalem". Regjeringen.no (挪威文). 原先內容歸檔喺2 January 2023. 喺2023-01-02搵到.
- ↑ "Israel approves new settler homes". BBC News. 5 April 2011. 原先內容歸檔喺17 May 2011. 喺24 April 2018搵到.
- ↑ "Topônimos e gentílicos - Manual de Redação - FUNAG". funag.gov.br. 原先內容歸檔喺28 January 2023. 喺2022-06-13搵到.
- ↑ China supports Palestinian UN bid (Xinhua, 8 September 2011) 互聯網檔案館嘅歸檔,歸檔日期16 May 2013.
- ↑ Medvedev reaffirms Soviet recognition of Palestine (Ynet News, 18 January 2011) 互聯網檔案館嘅歸檔,歸檔日期26 July 2013.
- ↑ Muslim leaders urge world to recognise East Jerusalem as capital of Palestine (France 24, 2017-12-13) 互聯網檔案館嘅歸檔,歸檔日期2017-12-27.
- ↑ "Finland's country strategy for Palestine - 2021-2024". 原先內容歸檔喺2 January 2023. 喺2 January 2023搵到.
- ↑ "Australia recognises west Jerusalem as capital of Israel". France 24 (英文). 2018-12-15. 原先內容歸檔喺2 January 2023. 喺2022-06-13搵到.
- ↑ Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères. "Israel / Palestinian Territories – France condemns the expulsion of Mr Salah Hamouri (18 Dec. 2022)". France Diplomacy - Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (英文). 原先內容歸檔喺30 December 2022. 喺2023-01-03搵到.
- ↑ Phillips, Leigh (2009-11-19). "EU rebukes Israel for Jerusalem settlement expansion". EU Observer. 原著喺2009-11-22歸檔.
- ↑ Farsakh, Leila (2005). Palestinian Labour Migration to Israel: Labour, Land and Occupation. Routledge. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-134-32847-5. 原先內容歸檔喺2021-05-12.
- ↑ "Jerusalem Institute - 2022" (PDF). 原先內容歸檔 (PDF)喺2023-04-29. 喺2 January 2023搵到.
- ↑ "Israel". The World Factbook (英文). Central Intelligence Agency. 2022-12-21. 原先內容歸檔喺2021-01-10. 喺2023-01-02搵到.
- ↑ Koren, David (2018-09-13). "The desire of eastern Jerusalem Arabs to integrate in Israeli society outweighs the threats of the Palestinian Authority". JISS (美國英文). 原先內容歸檔喺13 July 2022. 喺2022-07-13搵到.
- ↑ Hasson, Nir (2012-12-20). "A surprising process of 'Israelization' is taking place among Palestinians in East Jerusalem". Haaretz. 原先內容歸檔喺29 November 2014.
- ↑ "New Poll Reveals Moderate Trend Among East Jerusalem Palestinians". The Washington Institute (英文). 原先內容歸檔喺13 July 2022. 喺2022-07-13搵到.