西耶路撒冷

西耶路撒冷 (希伯來文：מַעֲרַב יְרוּשָׁלַיִם‎，羅馬拼音：Ma'aráv Yerushaláyim、阿拉伯文：القدس الغربية‎，羅馬拼音：al-Quds al-Ġarbiyyah) 係耶路撒冷喺西面嗰半，同東耶路撒冷加埋一齊就係成個城市。

歷史

喺1920年代開始，猶太人喺西耶路撒冷成立咗一個早期嘅社區^[1]。

喺聯合國嘅181號決議入面，耶路撒冷本來係會成爲一個獨立嘅城邦^[2]，但係因爲第一次中東戰爭嘅關係而冇實行到。到打完仗之後，以色列實際控制咗西耶路撒冷，而約旦就控制咗東耶路撒冷，包括耶路撒冷古城^[3]。以色列將住喺西耶路撒冷嘅阿拉伯人驅逐出境去東耶路撒冷^[4]，而約旦就對喺東耶路撒冷嘅猶太人同樣咁做，其中有大約1,500位猶太人係嚟自耶路撒冷古城^[5]。

喺1949年1月，以色列政府正式將所有政府部門由特拉維夫搬去西耶路撒冷^[6]，並且喺1950年成立耶路撒冷做首都。政府分咗唔少錢去投資入城市嘅發展，包括起新嘅寫字樓、大學、猶太會堂、同埋以色列議會大樓等等^[4]。

喺1967年嘅六日戰爭期間，以色列控制咗成個西岸地區，包括東耶路撒冷^[4]。到1980年，以色列政府正式吞并咗東耶路撒冷，但係國際社會基本上都沒承認^[3]。

人口

根據一份民調顯示，雖然喺東耶路撒冷嘅阿拉伯人開始越嚟越融入以色列嘅社會^[7]^[8]，但係東西耶路撒冷之間依然有一定嘅分離^[9]。

爭議

雖然以色列自從1967年一直都實際上控制成個耶路撒冷，但係國際社會一般喺有談判結果之前，都唔會肯承認耶路撒冷做以色列或者巴勒斯坦嘅首都，因爲耶路撒冷嘅地位仍然係以巴衝突嘅主要爭議點之一^[4]^[10]。

有啲國家亦會選擇承認西耶路撒冷做以色列嘅首都。例如，美國^[11]俄羅斯^[12]、捷克^[13]、同埋澳洲 ^[14]等等，不過澳洲喺幾年之後又撤回返之前嘅決定^[15]^[16]。

睇埋

攷

↑ Jerusalem entry includes map with Jewish Colony marked.第7卷. Harmsworth's Universal Encyclopedia. 1928.
↑ Greenway, H.D.S. (1980-07-23). "Explainer; The 3000 years of battling over Jerusalem". Boston Globe. 原著喺2017-12-09歸檔. 喺2013-04-27搵到.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 "Key Maps". Jerusalem: Before 1967 and now. BBC. 喺2013-04-26搵到.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Dumper, Michael (1997). The politics of Jerusalem since 1967. 哥倫比亞大學出版社. pp. 20–36. ISBN 978-0-231-10640-5.
↑ Tessler, Mark A. (1994). A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (英文). Indiana University Press. p. 329. ISBN 978-0-253-20873-6.
↑ Selzer, Assaf (2021年1月). Kedourie, Helen; Kelly, Saul (編). "Building the capital: Thoughts, plans, and practice in the process of making West Jerusalem the capital city of the State of Israel, 1948–1967". Middle Eastern Studies. Taylor & Francis. 57 (1): 57–71. doi:10.1080/00263206.2020.1831472. eISSN 1743-7881. ISSN 0026-3206. LCCN 65009869. OCLC 875122033. S2CID 227257542.
↑ Koren, David (2018-09-13). "The desire of eastern Jerusalem Arabs to integrate in Israeli society outweighs the threats of the Palestinian Authority". JISS (美國英文). 原先內容歸檔喺13 July 2022. 喺2022-07-13搵到.
↑ Hasson, Nir (2012-12-20). "A surprising process of 'Israelization' is taking place among Palestinians in East Jerusalem". Haaretz. 原先內容歸檔喺29 November 2014.
↑ Alperovich, Gershon; Joseph Deutsch (1996年4月). "Urban structure with two coexisting and almost completely segregated populations: The case of East and West Jerusalem". Regional Science and Urban Economics. 26 (2): 171–187. doi:10.1016/0166-0462(95)02124-8.
↑ Moshe Hirsch; Deborah Housen-Couriel; Ruth Lapidot (1995-06-28). Whither Jerusalem?: Proposals and Positions Concerning the Future of Jerusalem. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 15. ISBN 978-90-411-0077-1.
↑ Landler, Mark (2017-12-06). "Trump Recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's Capital and Orders U.S. Embassy to Move". The New York Times. 喺2017-12-11搵到.
↑ https://archive.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/2717182
↑ https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Czech-Republic-announces-it-recognizes-West-Jerusalem-as-Israels-capital-517241
↑ "Australia recognizes west Jerusalem as the capital of Israel". CBS News. 2018-12-15.
↑ "Australia quietly drops recognition of West Jerusalem as capital of Israel". the Guardian. 2022-10-17.
↑ Knott, Matthew (2022-10-17). "Australia drops recognition of west Jerusalem as Israeli capital". The Sydney Morning Herald.

[1] Jerusalem entry includes map with Jewish Colony marked.第7卷. Harmsworth's Universal Encyclopedia. 1928.

[2] Greenway, H.D.S. (1980-07-23). "Explainer; The 3000 years of battling over Jerusalem". Boston Globe. 原著喺2017-12-09歸檔. 喺2013-04-27搵到.

[BBC_maps-3] 3.0 ^3.1 "Key Maps". Jerusalem: Before 1967 and now. BBC. 喺2013-04-26搵到.

[Dumper-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Dumper, Michael (1997). The politics of Jerusalem since 1967. 哥倫比亞大學出版社. pp. 20–36. ISBN 978-0-231-10640-5.

[5] Tessler, Mark A. (1994). A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (英文). Indiana University Press. p. 329. ISBN 978-0-253-20873-6.

[Selzer_2021-6] Selzer, Assaf (2021年1月). Kedourie, Helen; Kelly, Saul (編). "Building the capital: Thoughts, plans, and practice in the process of making West Jerusalem the capital city of the State of Israel, 1948–1967". Middle Eastern Studies. Taylor & Francis. 57 (1): 57–71. doi:10.1080/00263206.2020.1831472. eISSN 1743-7881. ISSN 0026-3206. LCCN 65009869. OCLC 875122033. S2CID 227257542.

[7] Koren, David (2018-09-13). "The desire of eastern Jerusalem Arabs to integrate in Israeli society outweighs the threats of the Palestinian Authority". JISS (美國英文). 原先內容歸檔喺13 July 2022. 喺2022-07-13搵到.

[8] Hasson, Nir (2012-12-20). "A surprising process of 'Israelization' is taking place among Palestinians in East Jerusalem". Haaretz. 原先內容歸檔喺29 November 2014.

[urbanstructure-9] Alperovich, Gershon; Joseph Deutsch (1996年4月). "Urban structure with two coexisting and almost completely segregated populations: The case of East and West Jerusalem". Regional Science and Urban Economics. 26 (2): 171–187. doi:10.1016/0166-0462(95)02124-8.

[10] Moshe Hirsch; Deborah Housen-Couriel; Ruth Lapidot (1995-06-28). Whither Jerusalem?: Proposals and Positions Concerning the Future of Jerusalem. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 15. ISBN 978-90-411-0077-1.

[11] Landler, Mark (2017-12-06). "Trump Recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's Capital and Orders U.S. Embassy to Move". The New York Times. 喺2017-12-11搵到.

[12] ttps://archive.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/2717182

[13] ttps://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Czech-Republic-announces-it-recognizes-West-Jerusalem-as-Israels-capital-517241

[14] "Australia recognizes west Jerusalem as the capital of Israel". CBS News. 2018-12-15.

[15] "Australia quietly drops recognition of West Jerusalem as capital of Israel". the Guardian. 2022-10-17.

[16] Knott, Matthew (2022-10-17). "Australia drops recognition of west Jerusalem as Israeli capital". The Sydney Morning Herald.

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