贖罪日戰爭英文Yom Kippur War希伯來文מלחמת יום הכיפורים‎),又叫做十月戰爭阿拉伯文حرب أكتوبر‎)或者第四次中東戰爭,係1973年10月喺中東發生嘅一場仗,主要係以色列對住埃及敘利亞打,發生喺戈蘭高地西奈半島、同蘇彝士運河附近嘅範圍。

贖罪日戰爭
中東戰爭冷戰嘅一部分

由左上角順時針:
以色列軍隊蘇彝士運河、以軍嘅戰機飛過戈蘭高地、一位以軍士兵喺西奈半島祈禱、以軍護送受傷嘅人員、埃及軍喺打贏地之後高擧埃及嘅國旗、埃及軍手揸住一幅總統沙特大頭相
日期: 1973年10月6-25號
(2個禮拜5日)
地點: 戈蘭高地西奈半島、同蘇彝士運河兩岸嘅範圍
原因: 以色列六日戰爭贏咗好大笪地,所以埃及敘利亞唔老禮
結果: 以色列 以色列[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
領土變更: 埃及戰線:
  • 埃及軍隊佔據蘇彝士運河東部嘅大半橛[9]
  • 以色列軍隊控制運河西部大約1,600平方公里(620平方英里)嘅範圍,距離首都開羅只係得100公里(62英里)[9]

敘利亞戰線:

  • 以軍新控制敘利亞大約500平方公里(190平方英里)嘅範圍,距離首都大馬士革得32公里(20英里)[10]
參戰方
以色列 以色列 埃及
敘利亞
其他阿拉伯國家
指揮官同領導者
兵力
以色列:
總共:
傷亡同損失
以色列:
總共:

背景

編輯

喺1967年,以色列同阿拉伯國家曾經打過六日戰爭,之後以色列一路控制住戈蘭高地西奈半島,包括蘇彝士運河嘅東岸[37][38]埃及一直都希望能夠擊破以色列軍喺運河東岸嘅控制,跟住經過談判嚟控制返成個西奈半島[39][40]

打仗

編輯
 
場仗嘅變動地圖

1973年10月6號,阿拉伯國家一齊發動襲擊打以色列。因為呢日同時亦都係猶太節日贖罪日,所以場仗叫做「贖罪日戰爭」[41]。開仗冇耐,美國蘇聯都各自幫自己嘅盟國提供物資[a][42][43][44],所以場仗亦都成為咗冷戰嘅一部分[45]

喺開戰嘅時候,埃及[46]敘利亞都踩過咗之前停火嘅邊界,分別嘗試入西奈半島同埋戈蘭高地。喺頭三日,兩個國家都有啲功績,不過之後以色列就成功推返佢哋轉頭[47]。到開戰一個禮拜,以色列已經能夠自己進攻兩個國家嘅地方:喺敘利亞方面,以色列開始炮打敘利亞首都大馬士革;喺埃及方面,以色列跨過咗去蘇彝士運河嘅西岸,離埃及首都開羅越嚟越近。[48]。10月22號,一個由聯合國搞嘅停火失敗咗,而兩邊都係賴對方搞事。

到10月24號,以色列軍隊成功包圍咗埃及嘅第三軍團,當時離開羅只係得100公里(62英里)。之後,埃及成功反攻,喺兩次鬥爭都打贏返。不過同時,美國蘇聯都驚呢次仗會打過龍,所以兩邊都喺25號同意設立停火,避免演變成為核戰

影響

編輯

喺1948年嘅第一次中東戰爭同埋1967年嘅六日戰爭以色列兩次都係成功打敗阿拉伯國家嘅攻擊。不過,以色列同時亦都明白到,呢啲成功並唔擔保之後會繼續。同時,阿拉伯國家喺呢場仗入面比起上次都叫有贏過,令佢哋對自己比較有自豪感。所以,呢場仗令雙方都肯和解,包括以色列埃及之間嘅和平協議同和約。埃及之後成為咗第一個承認以色列嘅阿拉伯國家。自此之後,埃及逐漸離開蘇聯勢力範圍

睇埋

編輯
  1. 當時,美國以色列係盟國,而蘇聯就同阿拉伯國家結盟

參考文獻

編輯
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