馬克白
《馬克白》(粵拼:maa5 haak1 baak6;英文:Macbeth)係英格蘭劇作家莎士比亞喺 1606 年嗰陣寫嘅一齣悲劇,亦係佢四大悲劇其中一套。呢齣劇個故仔背景設定係設喺蘇格蘭,情節講到主角馬克白受野心蒙蔽,同佢老婆聯手暗殺國王篡位,但係佢嘅呢一個決定,最後令佢陷入萬劫不復嘅境地。
嗌法
編輯齣劇又有叫《馬克白嘅悲劇》(The Tragedie of Macbeth)。
呢齣劇背景設定設喺 11 世紀嘅蘇格蘭。蘇格蘭人嘅姓氏成日都會以 Mac 開頭:Mac 近似粵拼 mek6,用漢字嘅話通常會用馬或者麥嚟對應;呢三個羅馬字母表示嘅,係蓋爾文入面嘅一個常見詞頭,意思係仔噉解,而 MacXXX 意思係指 XXX 個仔[1]。劇中有多位角色都係個姓以 Mac 做開頭嘅,例如係馬克德夫。
身為主角嘅馬克白,原本係一位好受人尊敬嘅將軍,有一日佢同佢嘅戰友班郭(Banquo)遇到三個巫婆,巫婆作出預言,話馬克白將會成為國王,同時班郭唔會成為國王,但係班郭啲子孫會。及後馬克白將單嘢講咗畀佢老婆(馬克白夫人)聽,兩公婆傾吓傾吓開始心生野望,就暗殺國王,第二朝效忠國王嘅爵士馬克德夫(Macduff)發現國王嘅屍首。已故國王個大仔馬爾康(Malcolm)驚暗殺佢父皇嘅人跟住會嚟暗殺佢,於是就靜靜雞逃走。經過一輪哄動之後馬克白夫婦趁住權力真空畀馬克白坐上皇位—巫婆嘅預言應驗咗。
馬克白做咗國王,開始懷疑先前嘅戰友會同佢爭皇位,尤其係班郭(因為巫婆預言話班郭嘅子孫會做國王),仲派出刺客殺死班郭,不過班郭嗰個十幾歲嘅仔菲里昂斯(Fleance)就走甩咗。馬克白驚菲里昂斯會返嚟謀佢個皇位,及後又見到班郭嘅怨靈出現,變到越嚟越偏執,再去搵巫婆求教,巫婆作出預言,話冇任何由女人嗰度生出嚟嘅人[2]可以傷害馬克白。馬克白諗住世上所有人都係由女人嗰度生出嚟嘅,就表示自己穩如泰山,於是就繼續佢嘅「大業」,派人去殺馬克德夫嘅家眷。
殺到咁上下,馬克白班敵人終於出手反攻,而帶頭嘅係馬爾康,仲有係啱啱知老婆仔女死咗、滿心悲憤嘅馬克德夫,同時馬克白夫人因為極度內疚而自殺,馬克白完全陷入瘋顛狀態,佢以為自己無敵,就親自上陣面對馬克德夫嘅人馬進攻。打吓打吓,馬克白嘅部隊開始敗退,但係馬克白依然唔肯認輸,仲一路同馬克德夫單挑一路大大聲講:
- 「呢個世上,冇任何由女人嗰度生出嚟嘅人可以傷到我!」
點知馬克德夫就答:
馬克白知自己誤解咗巫婆講嘅嘢,但依然唔肯投降,仲發爛渣。最後結局係,馬克德夫殺死馬克白,並且斬咗佢個頭落嚟。
而到咗今日(今日係指莎士比亞嗰個時代),蘇格蘭王占士六世就係菲里昂斯嘅後代。班巫婆所作出嘅預測,由始至終都完全準確[4]。
名句
編輯"Be bloody, bold, and resolute. Laugh to scorn
The power of man, for none of woman born
Shall harm Macbeth."
「做一個染血、大膽同有決心嘅人啦。大笑住噉蔑視
人嘅力量啦,因為冇任何由女人生出嚟人
可以傷害得到馬克白。」(粵語意譯)
馬克德夫得知佢老婆仔女畀馬克白殺死咗[8]:
馬克德夫:
- "He has no children. All my pretty ones,
- Did you say all? O hell-kite, all?
- What, all my pretty chickens and their dam.
- At one fell swoop?"
馬爾康:
- "Dispute it like a man."
馬克德夫:
- "I shall do so,
- But I must also feel it as a man."
(粵語意譯如下)
馬克德夫:
- 「佢(馬克白)冇仔女。我嗰班可愛嘅仔女,
- 你頭先話全部?噢,天呀,全部?
- 我嗰班可愛嘅雞仔同埋佢哋個阿媽,
- 一吓過全部殺晒?」
馬爾康:
- 「似個男子漢,同佢打返場啦!」
馬克德夫:
- 「我會噉做,
- 但我亦要似個男子漢噉感受(呢股喪妻喪子之痛)。」
"She should have died hereafter.
There would have been a time for such a word.
「佢遲早都會死㗎啦。
如果係另一日(我)會有時間講句嘢(哀悼佢)嘅。」(粵語意譯)
主題
編輯一般認為,呢齣劇最重要嘅主題係講緊「人畀自己嘅野心沖昏頭腦,最後落得悲慘下場」:喺西洋嘅戲劇傳統當中,悲劇嘅典型格局係講主角份人性格上有唔少優點,但係就有某一樣大缺憾(悲劇缺憾),佢嘅呢個缺憾搞到佢做出一個錯誤嘅決定,而呢個決定最後令到佢永不翻身;喺呢套標準之下,《馬克白》係一齣幾典型嘅悲劇—主角馬克白原本係一位好受敬重嘅將軍(有唔少優點),但係佢個人太有野心(悲劇缺憾),呢個缺憾令佢走去暗殺國王(錯誤嘅決定),跟住隨之而起嘅一連串事件搞到佢悲劇收場。於是成個故仔就道出「人太有野心會招致悲慘下場」噉嘅主題[11]。
睇吓
編輯連結
編輯- (香港繁體) 如果《馬克白》係用廣東話嚟演...,英語島雜誌
- (英文) 馬克白嘅悲劇,Festival Hong Kong
文獻
編輯- ↑ Thomson, Thomas, ed. (1834), Instrumenta Publica Sive Processus Super Fidelitatibus Et Homagiis Scotorum Domino Regi Angliae Factis, A.D. MCCXCI-MCCXCVI., Edinburgh: Bannatyne Club. p. 124
- ↑ "None of woman born",又作 "no man of woman born"。
- ↑ "Untimely ripped from my mother's womb."
- ↑ Muir, Kenneth, ed. (1984) [1951]. Macbeth (11th ed.). The Arden Shakespeare, second series.
- ↑ Horwich, Richard. Integrity in Macbeth: The search for the 'single state of man'.
- ↑ My Macbeth, Act 4 Scene 1. myShakespeare.
- ↑ Detailed Summary of Macbeth, Act 4, Scene 1. Shakespeare Navigators. "The second apparition is a bloody child which tells Macbeth to "Be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scorn / The power of man, for none of woman born / Shall harm Macbeth" (4.1.81). This is an equivocation. It sounds like it means that no man can harm Macbeth, because every man is born of woman. Except Macduff. At the end of the play, in his last battle, Macbeth learns that "Macduff was from his mother's womb / Untimely ripp'd" (5.8.15-16)."
- ↑ Macbeth, Act 4 Scene 3
- ↑ Macbeth, Act 5 Scene 5
- ↑ Macbeth: tomorrow, and tomorrow and tomorrow… University of Cambridge.
- ↑ Sherbo, Arthur (1951). "Dr. Johnson on Macbeth: 1745 and 1765". The Review of English Studies. 2 (5): 40-47.