呢篇文章講嘅係地理位置。想搵其他意思,請睇「克里米亞 (搞清楚)」。

克里米亞烏克蘭文Крим)係位於黑海嘅一個半島法理上屬於烏克蘭國土。但係,自從2014年克里米亞危機爆發以嚟,一直都係畀俄羅斯強行侵佔緊。

克里米亞
烏克蘭文Крим
俄文Крым
半島
克里米亞半島嘅衛星雲圖
克里米亞半島嘅衛星雲圖
國家 烏克蘭 (法律上)
俄羅斯 (事實上)[a]
面積
 • 總計27,000 平方公里(10,000 平方英里)
海拔1,545 米(5,069 英尺)
人口(2021)[1]
 • 總計2,416,856
 • 密度90/平方公里(230/平方英里)
ISO 3166碼UA-43

烏克蘭唯一嘅自治共和國克里米亞自治共和國佔據咗半島嘅大部份,而剩翻嘅就係塞凡堡自治市(烏克蘭文Севастополь)。蘇聯解體之後,俄羅斯同烏克蘭達成協議,俄羅斯每年向烏克蘭交9700萬美元租金,租用塞凡堡自治市嘅烏克蘭軍港,作為黑海艦隊嘅基地。

歷史

編輯

直至近代史時期,克里米亞半島一直都係古典文化嘅邊緣,由古希臘喺公元前6世紀喺半島聚居開始。當時,希臘人喺岸邊成立咗殖民地,其中最大嘅城邦係喺依家嘅塞凡堡附近。之後,克里米亞俾古羅馬拜占庭帝國統治,到13世紀俾蒙古帝國征服。當地嘅蒙古人成立咗克里米亞汗國,期間曾經俾鄂圖曼帝國控制,到1783年完全俾俄羅斯帝國吞并。

到1854年,當地爆發咗克里米亞戰爭,俄國雖然輸咗俾英法國同鄂圖曼帝國,但係可以留住克里米亞。到1917年俄國革命之後,克里米亞成為咗蘇聯嘅自治共和國。到1944年,史太林逼當地嘅克里米亞韃靼人成為流離失所民族,嚟避免出現反蘇聯革命,一般都認為呢個係屬於種族清洗

到1954年,當時嘅蘇聯共產黨第一書記赫魯曉夫為咗慶祝烏克蘭同俄羅斯結盟英文Pereiaslav Agreement300週年,將克里米亞由蘇俄劃畀烏克蘭加盟國[2]

1991年,喺蘇聯解體前夕,克里米亞人民喺1991年烏克蘭獨立公投選舉投票支持獨立,同時願意克里米亞成為烏克蘭領土不可分割嘅一部分。

2014年,俄羅斯派遣不明武裝分子英文Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)[3]侵略同佔領克里米亞[4][5],槍手挾持克里米亞議會英文Verkhovna Rada of Crimea嘅議員[6][7],強逼佢哋投票支持親俄傀儡顛覆克里米亞政府英文Council of Ministers of Crimea[8][9],跟住仲搞咗個唔畀聯合國歐洲安全合作組織監督[10][11],受到操縱嘅所謂「公投」[12][13],之後俄羅斯宣佈吞併克里米亞[14][15],國際社會普遍都譴責俄羅斯嘅侵略行徑[16][17],並呼籲尊重烏克蘭嘅主權同領土完整英文United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262[18][19][20][21]

睇埋

編輯
  1. 聯合國大會68/262號決議英文United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262認定克里米亞係俄羅斯佔領緊嘅烏克蘭領土

參考

編輯
  1. "Численность населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2021 года" [The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2021] (俄文). Russian Federal State Statistics Service. 原著 (XLS)喺2021-02-04歸檔. 喺2021-01-31搵到.
  2. Calamur, Krishnadev (2014-02-27). "Crimea: A Gift to Ukraine Becomes a Political Flashpoint". NPR.
  3. Schreck, Carl (26 February 2019). "From 'Not Us' To 'Why Hide It?': How Russia Denied Its Crimea Invasion, Then Admitted It". rferl.org. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 原先內容歸檔喺30 October 2019. 喺30 October 2019搵到.
  4. "Ukraine crisis: 'Russians' occupy Crimea airports". BBC News (英國英文). 2014-02-28. 原先內容歸檔喺21 November 2021. 喺2021-04-06搵到.
  5. Shevchenko, Vitaly (11 March 2014). ""Little green men" or "Russian invaders"?". BBC News. 原先內容歸檔喺29 December 2019. 喺18 November 2015搵到.
  6. http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/193292.html Number of Crimean deputies present at referendum resolution vote unclear]. Interfax-Ukraine, 27 February 2014.
  7. De Carbonnel, Alissa (2014-03-13). "RPT-INSIGHT-How the separatists delivered Crimea to Moscow". Reuters. 喺2020-11-28搵到.
  8. Crimea sets date for autonomy vote amid gunmen, anti-Kiev protests, (27 February 2014).
  9. "Putin's narrative on Crimea annexation takes an evolutionary leap". Kyiv Post. 11 March 2015. 喺12 March 2015搵到.
  10. "UN Human Rights Envoy In Ukraine Unable To Reach CrimeaTalk Radio News Service". Talkradionews.com. 3月 11, 2014. 原著喺3月 15, 2014歸檔. 喺3月 15, 2014搵到.
  11. "OSCE team says Crimea gunmen threatened to shoot at them". Worldbulletin.net. March 12, 2014. 原先內容歸檔喺March 12, 2014. 喺March 15, 2014搵到.
  12. "'Irregularities' cited in Crimea referendum". 原著喺3月 18, 2014歸檔. 喺3月 18, 2014搵到.
  13. "Crimea Referendum: 34 Percent, Not 97 Percent, Says Former Russian Government Adviser". Guardian Liberty Voice. March 25, 2014. 原先內容歸檔喺March 27, 2014. 喺March 27, 2014搵到.
  14. "Four years since Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea". Government.no. 14 March 2018. 喺28 March 2019搵到.
  15. "Putin reveals secrets of Russia's Crimea takeover plot". BBC News. 9 March 2015. 喺9 March 2015搵到.
    Soldatkin, Vladimir; Stamp, David (9 March 2014). "Putin says plan to take Crimea hatched before referendum". Reuters. 喺10 March 2015搵到.
  16. "Ukraine Crisis: World Leaders React to Unfolding Disaster in Crimea". International Business Times. 2014-03-02. 喺2014-03-04搵到.
  17. Fred Dews (19 March 2014). "NATO Secretary-General: Russia's Annexation of Crimea Is Illegal and Illegitimate". Brookings. 喺8 March 2015搵到.
  18. "Vote by U.N. General Assembly Isolates Russia," 27 March 2014, New York Times retrieved 31 January 2022
  19. Alex Felton; Marie-Louise Gumuchian (27 March 2014). "U.N. General Assembly resolution calls Crimean referendum invalid". cnn.com. 喺20 October 2015搵到.
  20. "Ukraine’s Best Pitch Might Come From the Sidelines," in "United Nations General Assembly," 23 September 2014, New York Times retrieved 31 January 2022
  21. Reuters: "Explainer-Can the U.N. Do More Than Just Talk About Russia, Ukraine Crisis?," 31 January 2022, U.S. News & World Report, retrieved 31 January 2022