學名
學名即係生物學家對某一組生物嘅稱呼,爾組生物可以大到一個界,或者細到一個亞種。但係無論範圍大細,原則上,有一組生物衹會有一個學名,一個學名亦只能夠指一組生物。但係由於目前嘅命名規則有幾種,所以間而中會有一組多名或者一名多組嘅情況。學名一般用拉丁文,中文嘅所謂「學名」,就算係官方認證同使用,都唔可以算真正嘅學名。
目前學名用得最多嘅係二名法。
概論 改
每一個生物物種都會有一個學名,一個學名通常會由兩個拉丁文寫嘅字組成,例如係人類噉,人類嘅學名係 Homo sapien;通常一個學名嘅第一個字會反映咗嗰種物種所屬嘅屬,而第二個字指個種。呢兩個字未必一定係源自拉丁文,例如係喺四川嗰頭發現嘅恐龍屬華陽龍噉,佢個學名係 Huayangosaurus-當中 Huayang 係「華陽」-四川嘅別名-呢兩個漢字喺普通話入面嘅讀音。學名全球共通,唔會因地區而異[1][2]。
有一啲物種因為地區唔同或者突變而有亞種(subspecies),為咗分得清楚啲,廿一世紀嘅科學界又多咗一套叫三名法(trinomial nomenclature)嘅學名[3][4]:呢啲學名只係得有亞種嘅生物先至有,顧名思義有三個字,例如有啲人會叫喺香港嘅中華白海豚做 Sousa chinensis chinensis,印尼嘅中華白海豚做 Sousa chinensis plumbea。不過呢套做法到咗廿一世紀初都仲未受全世界認可[5][6]。
攷 改
- ↑ McNeill, J; Barrie, FR; Buck, WR; Demoulin, V; Greuter, W; Hawksworth, DL; et al. (2012). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress, Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. Regnum Vegetabile 154. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG.
- ↑ Silyn-Roberts, Heather (2000). Writing for Science and Engineering: Papers, Presentation. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 198.
- ↑ McNeill, John (November 1996). "The BioCode: Integrated biological nomenclature for the 21st century?". Proceedings of a Mini-Symposium on Biological Nomenclature in the 21st Century.
- ↑ "The Draft BioCode (2011)". International Committee on Bionomenclature (ICB).
- ↑ Hawksworth, David L (2011). "Introducing the Draft BioCode (2011)". Taxon. 60: 199–200.
- ↑ Greuter, W; Garrity, G; Hawksworth, DL; Jahn, R; Kirk, PM; Knapp, S; McNeill, J, Michel, E; Patterson, DJ; Pyle, R; Tindall, BJ (2011). "Draft BioCode (2011): Principles and rules regulating the naming of organisms". Taxon. 60: 201–12.