圖靈測試

圖靈測試（粵拼：tou4 ling4 caak1 si3 | 英文：Turing test，TT）係由英國數學家亞倫圖靈喺 1950 年諗出嚟嘅一個測試，用嚟檢驗一部機械係咪展現到好似人噉嘅有智能行為。

最基本嗰種圖靈測試步驟如下：一次測試會有一個人類負責做評判，跟住又有一個人類同部受試嘅機械，兩者分別噉同個評判講嘢；個評判唔會見得到個人類同個受試者，淨係有得用鍵盤同熒幕等嘅方法同受試者傾偈，最後個評判就要答，兩個受試者當中邊個係人邊個係機械－而如果搵咗一班評判返嚟之後，發現班評判嘅判斷嘅準確性唔明顯好過隨機靠撞嘅話，嗰部受試機械就算得上係通過咗圖靈測試，展現出同人類冇分別嘅智能^[1]^[2]。

有幾重要

圖靈測試喺人工智能哲學上係一個重要嘅課題，引起咗廣泛嘅討論。例如有學者批評圖靈測試指出，嚴格嚟講，就算一部機械通過咗圖靈測試，都衹係表示佢曉喺一個人工環境下做某啲工作，但有智能嘅行為要求嘅係能夠喺自然環境下生存，所以圖靈測試喺測試機械智能上嘅功用有限^[1]^[3]。

因為噉，有學者諗出咗新版嘅圖靈測試，好似係所謂嘅真正完整圖靈測試（Truly Total Turing Test，TRTTT）噉，就認為一部機械要算得上展現人類智能，佢就需要能夠喺自然環境下達成人類能夠達成嘅重大成就，包括係－好似人類噉樣－創作出新遊戲以及創出新嘅語言等等^[4]。

AI 相關

哲學相關

睇埋

參考

Cohen, Paul R. (2006), "If Not Turing's Test, Then What?", AI Magazine, 26 (4).
Marcus, Gary, "Am I Human?: Researchers need new ways to distinguish artificial intelligence from the natural kind", Scientific American, vol. 316, no. 3 (March 2017), pp. 58-63.
Moor, James H. (2001), "The Status and Future of the Turing Test", Minds and Machines, 11 (1): 77–93, doi:10.1023/A:1011218925467, ISSN 0924-6495.
Warwick, Kevin and Shah, Huma (2016), "Turing's Imitation Game: Conversations with the Unknown", Cambridge University Press.

引咗

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Saygin, A. P., Cicekli, I., & Akman, V. (2000). Turing test: 50 years later. Minds and machines, 10(4), 463-518.
↑ French, R. M. (1990). Subcognition and the limits of the Turing test. Mind, 99(393), 53-65.
↑ Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2010), Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd ed.), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, p. 2 - 3.
↑ Schweizer, P. (1998), ‘The Truly Total Turing Test’, Minds and Machines, 8, pp. 263–272.

拎

（英文） The Turing Test - an Opera by Julian Wagstaff.
（英文） The Turing Test- How accurate could the Turing test really be?].

[saygin2000-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Saygin, A. P., Cicekli, I., & Akman, V. (2000). Turing test: 50 years later. Minds and machines, 10(4), 463-518.

[2] French, R. M. (1990). Subcognition and the limits of the Turing test. Mind, 99(393), 53-65.

[3] Russell, Stuart J.; Norvig, Peter (2010), Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd ed.), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, p. 2 - 3.

[4] Schweizer, P. (1998), ‘The Truly Total Turing Test’, Minds and Machines, 8, pp. 263–272.

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