第三次納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫戰爭

第三次納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫戰爭,又叫做阿塞拜疆入侵阿爾察赫 (亞美尼亞文Ադրբեջանի ներխուժում Արցախ) 係阿爾察赫阿塞拜疆喺2023年9月19-20號之間發生嘅交戰,總共只係維持咗2日。當時,阿塞拜疆違反咗第二次納卡戰爭之後創立嘅停火協議[14][15],對分離政權阿爾察赫發起大規模嘅軍事進攻。呢次攻勢發生喺受爭議嘅納卡地區,雖然係公認嘅阿塞拜疆國土,不過居民都主要係亞美尼亞人[16]

第三次納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫戰爭
納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫衝突後蘇聯衝突嘅一部分

2023年9月20號,納卡地區嘅軍事局勢(詳細地圖英文Template:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict detailed map
  阿塞拜疆喺進攻佔領咗嘅地區
  阿爾察赫仍然控制嘅納卡地區
日期: 2023年9月19-20號
(1日)
地點: 納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫
結果: 阿塞拜疆贏咗[1],雙方簽訂停火協議英文2023 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement
領土變更: 阿塞拜疆宣稱佔領咗90個陣地[6][7]
參戰方
阿塞拜疆 阿爾察赫
指揮官同領導者
參戰單位
 阿塞拜疆

 阿塞拜疆
內務部英文Ministry of Internal Affairs (Azerbaijan)

特種部隊英文Special Forces of Azerbaijan

阿爾察赫武裝部隊
傷亡同損失
192位軍人死亡[8]
511位軍人受傷[8]
超過190位軍人死亡[9]
超過360位軍人受傷[9]
10位亞美尼亞平民、1位阿塞拜疆平民死亡
40位亞美尼亞平民、1位阿塞拜疆平民受傷[a]

5位俄羅斯維和人員被阿塞拜疆軍隊擊斃[12]


截至2023年9月27日, 42,500人逃離納卡地區[13]

戰前,阿塞拜疆對阿爾察赫發動嘅封鎖已經維持咗9個月,令當地嘅危機升級,同時出現糧食藥物嚴重短缺[17]

喺9月20號,亦即係軍事行動嘅第二日,俄羅斯喺納卡嘅維和部隊進行咗調解,雙方達成咗停火協議[18],而呢個對唔少人嚟説等同阿爾察赫投降[19][20][21]。之後嗰日,雙方嘅代表喺埃里溫舉行咗一次會議,亦同時計劃咗未來嘅會議[22][23]。不過,跟據阿爾察赫當地嘅居民報告,阿塞拜疆即使參加咗會議,仍然無視停火協議,繼續進攻[24][25]

到9月28號,阿爾察赫總統薩姆維爾·沙赫拉馬尼揚簽咗命令,宣佈喺2024年1月1號,解散國内嘅所有機關,阿爾察赫自此正式滅亡[26]

喺戰爭開始咗之後冇耐,當地嘅亞美尼亞人已經知道阿爾察赫勝算唔高,加上嚟自阿塞拜疆種族滅絕威脅,紛紛都逃離去亞美尼亞,造成咗2023年納卡難民潮[27][28][29]人權組織同種族滅絕預防專家發出咗多次警報,指出當地嘅亞美尼亞人面臨住種族清洗種族滅絕嘅風險,或者甚至已經承受緊呢啲侵害。國際刑事法院第一任檢察官 Luis Ocampo英文Luis Moreno Ocampo 警告話,亞美尼亞大屠殺有機會再一次歷史重演,佢同時批評國際社會對阿塞拜疆嘅行動坐視不理,其實係鼓勵緊佢哋嘅做法,令佢哋覺得自己嘅行爲唔會帶嚟嚴重嘅後果同代價[30]

睇埋

編輯
  1. 亞美尼亞平民傷亡數據嚟自阿爾察赫方面,阿塞拜疆平民傷亡數據嚟自阿塞拜疆方面[10][9][11]
  1. "Azerbaijan Says Aims For 'Peaceful Reintegration' Of Karabakh Armenians". Barron's. 2023-09-20. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-23. 喺2023-09-22搵到. The offensive was seen as a major victory for Azerbaijan, which won a 2020 war with Armenia and has since sought to repopulate Karabakh.
  2. 訊!外媒:卡共和國布將於2024年1月1日停止存在球網。2023-09-28。原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-28。喺2023-09-28搵到
  3. Ebel, Francesca (2023-09-28). "Defeated by force, Nagorno-Karabakh government declares it will dissolve". Washington Post. 喺2023-09-28搵到.
  4. "Armenian separatists in Karabakh surrender and agree to ceasefire with Azerbaijan". Reuters. 2023-09-20. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-20. 喺2023-09-20搵到. Under the agreement, confirmed by both sides and effective from 1 pm (0900 GMT) on Wednesday, separatist forces will disband and disarm and talks on the future of the region and the ethnic Armenians who live there will start on Thursday.
  5. "Karabakh Separatists To Hold Integration Talks With Azerbaijan Thursday". Barron's. 2023-09-20. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-20. 喺2023-09-20搵到.
  6. Mehman, Asif (2023-09-20). "More than 90 combat positions of Armenian armed forces units come under control of Azerbaijani Army". Trend News Agency. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-20. 喺2023-09-20搵到.
  7. "Baku says it controls over 90 combat positions of Armenian forces in Karabakh". TASS. 原先內容歸檔喺22 September 2023. 喺22 September 2023搵到.
  8. 8.0 8.1 "192 Azerbaijani servicemen martyred during the local anti-terrorist measures". Azeri Press Agency (英文). 喺2023-09-27搵到.
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Արցախում առնվազն 200 զոհ կա, ավելի քան 400 վիրավոր. ՄԻՊ". news.am. 2023-09-20. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-21. 喺2023-09-20搵到.
  10. "Ermənistan silahlı qüvvələrinin Şuşaya atəşi nəticəsində Şuşa Şəhəri Dövlət Qoruğunun mühənidisi həlak olub" (亞塞拜然文). Trend News Agency. 2023-09-19. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-19. 喺2023-09-19搵到.
  11. "Shelling-injured digger driver in Azerbaijan's Aghdam by separatists, details incident". Trend News Agency. 2023-09-20. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-20. 喺2023-09-21搵到.
  12. "Baş Prokurorluq Rusiya sülhməramlılarının həlak olduğu insidentlə bağlı istintaq aparır" (亞塞拜然文). Trend News Agency. 21 September 2023. 原先內容歸檔喺21 September 2023. 喺21 September 2023搵到.
  13. "Armenia reports the arrival of 42,500 refugees from Nagorno-Karabakh". Euronews. 2023-09-27. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-27. 喺2023-09-27搵到.
  14. "Armenia, Azerbaijan: Baku Launches Military Operation In Nagorno-Karabakh". Stratfor英文Stratfor. 2023-09-19. 原著喺2023-09-19歸檔. 喺2023-09-22搵到. ...the Russian peacekeeping contingent is incapable of preventing Azerbaijan's seizure of the region, despite this being a clear violation of the November 2020 ceasefire brokered by Russia that ended the last war.
  15. "Joint statement on Azerbaijan's attack on Nagorno-Karabakh | Communiqués | Documents | DSCA | Delegations | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu (英文). 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-22. 喺2023-09-21搵到. We condemn in the strongest terms today's pre-planned and unjustified attack of Azerbaijan against Nagorno-Karabakh...We recall that the attack takes place in the context of a major humanitarian crisis in Nagorno-Karabakh, following Azerbaijan's blockade of the Lachin Corridor for the past nine months, in violation of Baku's commitments under the ceasefire statement of 9 November 2020 and of the legally binding orders of the International Court of Justice. Humanitarian access to Nagorno-Karabakh needs to be fully and permanently restored.
  16. Ilyushina, Mary (2023-09-19). "Fighting flares between Azerbaijan and Armenia in Nagorno-Karabakh". The Washington Post. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-19. 喺2023-09-19搵到. Azerbaijan and Armenia have repeatedly clashed over Nagorno-Karabakh, which is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan but largely populated by ethnic Armenians and largely governed by the unrecognized Republic of Artsakh.
  17. Roth, Andrew (2023-09-19). "Azerbaijan launches 'anti-terrorist' campaign in disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region". The Guardian. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-19. 喺2023-09-19搵到.
  18. "Russian-mediated ceasefire announced in Nagorno-Karabakh". Armenpress. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-21. 喺2023-09-20搵到.
  19. "Karabakh separatists to disband after surrender to Azerbaijan". France 24 (英文). 2023-09-28. 喺2023-12-18搵到.
  20. Watch, Genocide (2023-09-21). "Genocide Alert:Artsakh surrenders to Azerbaijan". genocidewatch (英文). 喺2023-12-18搵到.
  21. "Russia says Armenian separatists surrender arms after Azerbaijan reclaims Nagorno-Karabakh". AP News (英文). 2023-09-22. 喺2023-12-18搵到.
  22. "Ethnic Armenians accept Russia ceasefire plan after Azerbaijan offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh". CNN (英文). 2023-09-20. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-20. 喺2023-09-20搵到.
  23. "BREAKING: Stepanakert to disband army in ceasefire deal". CIVILNET. 2023-09-20. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-20. 喺2023-09-20搵到.
  24. "МВД Нагорного Карабаха обвинило Азербайджан в нарушении договора о прекращении огня". Meduza. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-21. 喺2023-09-21搵到.
  25. "Aserbaidschan soll Waffenruhe gebrochen haben". Rheinische Post. 2023-09-21. 原先內容歸檔喺2023-09-21. 喺2023-09-21搵到.
  26. Ebel, Francesca (2023-09-28). "For three decades, Nagorno-Karabakh sought statehood. That quest is dead". Washington Post (美國英文). ISSN 0190-8286. 喺2023-12-18搵到.
  27. "Guarantee Right to Return to Nagorno Karabakh | Human Rights Watch" (英文). 2023-10-05. 喺2023-12-18搵到.
  28. Service, RFE/RL's Armenian. "Armenian Exodus From Nagorno-Karabakh Tops 100,000; UN Readies For Visit". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty (英文). 喺2023-12-18搵到.
  29. "More than 80% of Nagorno-Karabakh's population flees as future uncertain for those who remain". Yahoo Finance (加拿大英文). 2023-09-29. 原著喺2023-09-30歸檔. 喺2023-12-18搵到.
  30. Moreno Ocampo, Luis (22 September 2023). "Call what is happening in Nagorno-Karabakh by its proper name". 盛頓郵報. 原先內容歸檔喺22 September 2023. 喺22 September 2023搵到.