牛油果油
牛油果油係由牛油果（Persea americana）榨出嚟，食得嘅油。作為食油，可以用嚟煎、炒、煮、炸。亦可用喺潤滑劑同化妝品之中，有人話呢隻油有再生同保濕功能[1] 。
用牛油果肉榨出嚟，果心唔要嘅，高煙點係牛油果油大特色：250°C（未精煉）[2]，271°C（精煉過）[3]。確切嘅煙點在於精煉情度同處理方式。
成份
編輯| 植物油[4][5] | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 類別 | 氫化 | 飽和 脂肪酸 |
單元不飽和脂肪酸 | 多元不飽和脂肪酸 | 煙點 | |||
| 總量(單元)[4] | 油酸 (ω-9) |
總量(多元)[4] | α-亞麻酸 （ω－3） |
亞油酸 (ω－6) | ||||
| 牛油果[6] | 11.6 | 70.6 | 13.5 | 1 | 12.5 | 249 °C（480 °F）[7] | ||
| 巴西果仁[8] | 24.8 | 32.7 | 31.3 | 42.0 | 0.1 | 41.9 | 208 °C（406 °F）[9] | |
| 油菜（芥花籽油）[10] | 7.4 | 63.3 | 61.8 | 28.1 | 9.1 | 18.6 | 238 °C（460 °F）[9] | |
| 椰子[11] | 82.5 | 6.3 | 6 | 1.7 | 175 °C（347 °F）[9] | |||
| 粟米[12] | 12.9 | 27.6 | 27.3 | 54.7 | 1 | 58 |
232 °C（450 °F）[13] | |
| 棉花籽[14] | 25.9 | 17.8 | 19 | 51.9 | 1 | 54 | 216 °C（420 °F）[13] | |
| 亞麻籽[15] | 9.0 | 18.4 | 18 | 67.8 | 53 | 13 |
107 °C（225 °F） | |
| 葡提子核 | 10.5 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 74.7 | - | 74.7 | 216 °C（421 °F）[16] | |
| 大麻籽[17] | 7.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 82.0 | 22.0 | 54.0 |
166 °C（330 °F）[18] | |
| 橄欖[19] | 13.8 | 73.0 | 71.3 | 10.5 | 0.7 | 9.8 | 193 °C（380 °F）[9] | |
| 棕櫚果[20] | 49.3 | 37.0 | 40 | 9.3 | 0.2 | 9.1 | 235 °C（455 °F） | |
| 花生[21] | 20.3 | 48.1 | 46.5 | 31.5 | 31.4 | 232 °C（450 °F）[13] | ||
| 紅花籽[22] | 7.5 | 75.2 | 75.2 | 12.8 | 0 | 12.8 | 212 °C（414 °F）[9] | |
| 大豆[23] | 15.6 | 22.8 | 22.6 | 57.7 | 7 | 51 | 238 °C（460 °F）[13] | |
| 葵花籽（亞油酸 < 60%）[24] | 10.1 | 45.4 | 45.3 | 40.1 | 0.2 | 39.8 |
227 °C（440 °F）[13] | |
| 葵花籽（油酸 > 70%）[25] | 9.9 | 83.7 | 82.6 | 3.8 | 0.2 | 3.6 |
227 °C（440 °F）[13] | |
| 棉花籽[26] | 氫化 | 93.6 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.3 | |||
| 棕櫚果[27] | 氫化 | 88.2 | 5.7 | 0 | ||||
| 大豆[28] | 部份氫化 | 14.9 | 43.0 | 42.5 | 37.6 | 2.6 | 34.9 | |
| 每100克佔總油脂重量嘅百分比（%） | ||||||||
攷
編輯- ↑ "Why Is Avocado Oil Good For The Skin?". Livestrong Foundation. 2011-03-31. 喺2013-07-13搵到.
- ↑ Marie Wong; Cecilia Requejo-Jackman; Allan Woolf (April 2010). "What is unrefined, extra virgin cold-pressed avocado oil?". Aocs.org. 喺26 December 2019搵到.
- ↑ "Smoke Point of Oils". Baseline of Health. Jonbarron.org. 2012-04-17. 喺2019-12-26搵到.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "US National Nutrient Database, Release 28". United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016. 除非另加標注此列數據取自 the USDA Nutrient database
- ↑ 〈每100克脂肪和脂肪酸含量 (click for "more details") 例如: avocado oil; 用戶可以搵其他油類〉。Nutritiondata.com, Conde Nast for the USDA National Nutrient Database, Standard Release 21。2014。喺7 September 2017搵到。 數值來自 Nutritiondata.com (SR 21) 可能需要同2017年9月美國農業部 SR 28 嘅最新版本保持一致。
- ↑ 〈Avocado oil 牛油果油，脂肪成分，100克〉。US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture。May 2016。喺6 September 2017搵到。
- ↑ What is unrefined, extra virgin cold-pressed avocado oil?, The American Oil Chemists’ Society
- ↑ "Brazil nut oil, fat composition, 100 g". US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016. 喺6 September 2017搵到.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Katragadda, H. R.; Fullana, A. S.; Sidhu, S.; Carbonell-Barrachina, Á. A. (2010). "Emissions of volatile aldehydes from heated cooking oils". Food Chemistry. 120: 59. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.070.
- ↑ 〈Canola oil 菜籽油，脂肪成分，100克〉。US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture。May 2016。喺6 September 2017搵到。
- ↑ 〈Coconut oil 椰子油，脂肪成分，100克〉。US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture。May 2016。喺6 September 2017搵到。
- ↑ 〈Corn oil 粟米油，工業同零售，多用途沙律或烹飪，脂肪成分，100克〉。US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture。May 2016。喺6 September 2017搵到。
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Wolke, Robert L. (May 16, 2007). "Where There's Smoke, There's a Fryer". The Washington Post. 喺March 5, 2011搵到.
- ↑ 〈Cottonseed oil 棉籽油，沙律或蒸煮，脂肪成分，100克〉。US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture。May 2016。喺6 September 2017搵到。
- ↑ 〈Flaxseed/Linseed oil 亞麻籽/亞麻籽油，冷榨，脂肪成分，100克〉。US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture。May 2016。喺6 September 2017搵到。
- ↑ Garavaglia J, Markoski MM, Oliveira A, Marcadenti A (2016). "Grape Seed Oil Compounds: Biological and Chemical Actions for Health". Nutr Metab Insights. 9: 59–64. doi:10.4137/NMI.S32910. PMC 4988453. PMID 27559299.
- ↑ "Efficacy of dietary hempseed oil in patients with atopic dermatitis". Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2005. 喺25 October 2017搵到.
- ↑ https://www.veghealth.com/nutrition-tables/Smoke-Points-of-Oils-table.pdf
- ↑ 〈Olive oil 橄欖油，沙律或烹飪，脂肪成分，100克〉。US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture。May 2016。喺6 September 2017搵到。
- ↑ 〈Palm oil 棕櫚油，脂肪成分，100克〉。US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture。May 2016。喺6 September 2017搵到。
- ↑ Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011)， p. 61.
- ↑ 〈Safflower oil 紅花油，沙律或烹飪，高油酸，初級商業，脂肪成分，100克〉。US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture。May 2016。喺6 September 2017搵到。
- ↑ 〈Soybean oil 大豆油，沙律或蒸煮，脂肪成分，100克〉。US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture。May 2016。喺6 September 2017搵到。
- ↑ 〈Sunflower oil 葵花籽油，唔到60％嘅總脂肪作為亞油酸，脂肪成分，100克〉。US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture。May 2016。喺6 September 2017搵到。
- ↑ 〈Sunflower oil, high oleic 葵花籽油，高油酸 - 70％或更高嘅油酸，脂肪成分，100克〉。US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture。May 2016。喺6 September 2017搵到。
- ↑ 〈Cottonseed oil, industrial, fully hydrogenated工業用棉籽油，完全氫化，脂肪成分，100克〉。US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture。May 2016。喺6 September 2017搵到。
- ↑ 〈Palm oil, industrial, fully hydrogenated, filling fat棕櫚油，工業，完全氫化，填充脂肪，脂肪成分，100克〉。US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture。May 2016。喺6 September 2017搵到。
- ↑ 〈Soybean oil, salad or cooking, (partially hydrogenated) 大豆油，沙律或蒸煮，（部分氫化），脂肪組合物，100克〉。US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture。May 2016。喺6 September 2017搵到。