人工選擇

人工選擇（粵拼：jan4 gung1 syun2 zaak6 | 英文：artificial selection / selective breeding）喺進化論上係指因為人類嘅選擇而引起嘅物種基因庫改變。

概論

同物競天擇一樣，人工選擇都係一個物種入面「有啲個體有得生存繁殖、有啲冇」而令個物種嘅基因庫一代一代噉變樣。同物競天擇唔同嘅係，喺人工選擇當中，負責揀「邊啲個體有得生存繁殖」嘅唔係大自然，而係人：喺人嘅歷史裏面，人有養好多唔同種對佢哋有用嘅動物，好似係有得攞嚟看門口同打獵嘅狗、用嚟捉老鼠嘅貓、用嚟耕田嘅牛、用嚟跑同拉車嘅馬同埋用嚟食嘅豬呀噉。人好多時都有能力主宰佢哋養嘅動物嘅生存同埋繁殖－就自然有得決定佢哋所養嘅個體入面邊啲有得將自己嘅基因傳俾下一代。呢種機制就係所謂嘅人工選擇^[1]。

個案

人工選擇一個出名嘅例子係比利時藍（Belgian Blue）：呢個品種嘅肉牛身上有種特殊嘅基因變異，個變異令佢哋生肌肉生得好勁（而牛肌肉係最好賣嘅牛肉之一），同時亦都搞到佢哋啲乸嘅生產道變窄咗，成日都要靠開刀先至成功生到仔。呢種牛如果擺喺自然環境嗰度，應該會冇能力自己正常噉繁殖，好快會絕種，但呢種牛係由人養嘅，而佢哋咁好肉令佢哋好有經濟價值，亦都令到啲牧場肯揼錢幫佢哋開刀生仔－呢種喺自然環境嗰度冇能力成功生存繁殖嘅動物，喺人養嘅環境之下因為人嘅選擇而有得生存繁殖，所以就係人工選擇嘅一個例子^[2]。除咗比利時藍之外，動物靠人工選擇而進化嘅過程喺牧場或者係寵物配種當中日日都發生緊^[3]。

睇埋

來源

↑ Conner, J. K. (2003). "Artificial Selection: A Powerful Tool for Ecologists". Ecology. 84 (7): 1650–1660.
↑ Kambadur, R.; Sharma, M.; Smith, T. P. L.; Bass, J. J. (September 1997). "Mutations in myostatin (GDF8) in double-muscled belgian blue and piedmontese cattle". Genome Research. 7 (9): 910–916.
↑ Driscoll, C. A., Macdonald, D. W., & O'Brien, S. J. (2009). From wild animals to domestic pets, an evolutionary view of domestication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(Supplement 1), 9971-9978.

[1] Conner, J. K. (2003). "Artificial Selection: A Powerful Tool for Ecologists". Ecology. 84 (7): 1650–1660.

[2] Kambadur, R.; Sharma, M.; Smith, T. P. L.; Bass, J. J. (September 1997). "Mutations in myostatin (GDF8) in double-muscled belgian blue and piedmontese cattle". Genome Research. 7 (9): 910–916.

[3] Driscoll, C. A., Macdonald, D. W., & O'Brien, S. J. (2009). From wild animals to domestic pets, an evolutionary view of domestication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(Supplement 1), 9971-9978.

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