靚
美學(esthetics)係藝術同哲學上嘅一個領域,專門思考
「 | 乜嘢係靚?
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呢條問題。呢方面嘅學者普遍認為,靚呢個概念係有可能定義嘅:事實表明,「一樣嘢靚唔靚」有些少主觀,即係所謂嘅
美學呢個領域其中一個最重要嘅目標就係想知到底呢啲「多數人都覺得靚」嘅特性係乜,而包括畫家在內嘅藝術工作者就會用呢啲知識,務求整出俾多數人覺得係靚嘅作品[6][7]。
大自然嘅靚改
以下係一啲俾好多人覺得係靚嘅自然事物:
科學觀點改
進化解釋改
有視覺藝術方面嘅學者主張,人一般都對喺幾何上具有某啲特性嘅視覺刺激有好感,會覺得呢啲嘢有美感。佢哋當中有人由生物學嘅角度思考:
- 佢哋指出,稍為複雜啲嘅動物都會進化到鍾意顯示食物出現嘅物理刺激,例如食昆蟲嘅哺乳類動物會對「識郁嘅黑色點點」(望落似周圍爬嚟爬去嘅細隻昆蟲)有好感-就算呢啲黑色點點唔係真係昆蟲都好[13];
- 人類係一種雜食動物,所以理論上會進化成對任何望落似有生命嘅嘢(即係對人類嚟講有可能係食得嘅嘢)有上述呢種反應,而有生命嘅嘢普遍都喺幾何上具有某啲特性嘅,例如健康正常嘅生物一般都係左右大致上對稱嘅,於是人類就進化成會對具有呢啲特性嘅冇生命物體(例如係對稱嘅人造藝術品)有好感,令到對稱成為咗受歡迎嘅藝術品常有嘅特徵之一[14]。
神經美學改
到咗廿一世紀,仲開始有人用腦神經學方法嚟研究靚呢個概念。神經美學(neuroesthetics)係美學嘅一個子領域,旨在用神經科學方法研究靚:神經美學上嘅研究會用神經造影方法,要受試者一路睇畫等嘅藝術品、一路監察住受試者嘅腦活動,然後再要求受試者對睇到嘅藝術品「係咪靚」作出判斷,嘗試靠噉嚟探討「見到靚嘅嘢嗰陣,個人嘅腦入面發生緊乜事」以及「點解人會覺得某啲事物靚」等嘅問題[15]。
相關概念改
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註釋改
- ↑ 可以睇埋 TV Tropes 嘅 Pretty Butterflies。
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- ↑ Inglis, Erik (2003). "Gothic Architecture and a Scholastic: Jean de Jandun's Tractatus de laudibus Parisius". Gesta. 42 (XLII/1): 63-85.
- ↑ Konstan, David (2014). Beauty - The Fortunes of an Ancient Greek Idea. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 30-35.
- ↑ [1].
- ↑ Steinar Kvale The Social Construction of Validity, Qualitative Inquiry, Vol. 1, No. 1, 19-40 (1995).
- ↑ Social Construction: A Reader, Mary MacCanney Gergen, Kenneth J. Sage Publications Ltd Gergen. ISBN-10: 0761972293.
- ↑ Kirwan, James, 1999. Beauty, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
- ↑ Hegel, G.W.F., 1835, Hegel's Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art, in two volumes, T.M. Knox, trans., Oxford: Clarendon, 1975.
- ↑ Howat, John K. (1987). "Twilight in the Wilderness". American Paradise: The World of the Hudson River School. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- ↑ Coe, S. R. (2006). Nebulae and How to Observe Them. Springer Science & Business Media.
- ↑ Pun, C. S. J., So, C. W., Leung, W. Y., & Wong, C. F. (2014). Contributions of artificial lighting sources on light pollution in Hong Kong measured through a night sky brightness monitoring network. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 139, 90-108.
- ↑ Genc, R. (2010). Turning weaknesses into strengths: Nordic tourism, potentials for growth and major challenges. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica, 6(1), 54-67.
- ↑ 参考文献:『大人の紅葉旅2010』三栄書房 主に. p. 91.
- ↑ P. Lieberman, The Biology and Evolution of Language (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1984) pp. 54–55.
- ↑ Stebbing, P. D. (2004). A universal grammar for visual composition? (PDF). Leonardo, 37(1), 63-70.
- ↑ Chatterjee, A. (2013). "The Aesthetic Brain: How We Evolved to Desire Beauty and Enjoy Art". New York: Oxford University Press.
拎改
維基同享有多媒體嘅嘢: Beauty |
- Beauty. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.