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生物化學（Biochemistry 或 Biological chemistry），減筆生化（亦稱biochem、粵拼：baai1 ou1 kem1），係一門學問，係生物學同化學嘅分支。佢專間探究生物上嘅化學物質，有乜轉化同作用。例如：Kreb's cycle，就係所有動物細胞裏面一個重要嘅作用。

歷史編輯

Gerty Cori同Carl Cori兩夫婦喺 RPMI（Roswell Park 紀念研究所，而家改咗名叫 Roswell Park 癌癥研究所）發現咗 Cory循環，故此響1947年齊齊贏咗諾貝爾獎。

廣泛啲嚟講，生化學係一個研究唔同嘅生物部件係點樣會結合而構造生命。如果按照呢個定義嘅話，噉生物化學嘅歷史就可以追溯返到古希臘嗰陣時嘞。但係，作為一個獨立嘅化學分支，生化學嘅史就大概由十九世紀起嘅，又或者因應你講緊生化學嘅邊範可以再早少少。唔同人會指向唔同嘅開端：

有人詏過，話生化學史嘅開端係由Anselme Payen喺1833年發現第一個酵素淀粉酶開始嘅
其他人就覺得個開端係由Eduard Buchner開發嘅酒精發酵呢個複雜生化過程開始，
亦有人覺得個開端係起喺尤斯圖斯·馮·李比希爵士響1842年嘅傑作『動物化學、或者、有機化學喺生理學同病理學嘅應用』嘅身上高，因為呢本書有講到新陳代謝嘅化學原理。
有人甚至會指向拉瓦節喺十八世紀做嘅發酵研究。早期嘅生化學家有研究蛋白質化學嘅賀民費沙同埋研究酵素同生化學嘅動態性質嘅F. Gowland Hopkins爵士。

「生化學」呢個 term 係生物學同化學結合返嚟嘅。Felix Hoppe-Seyler響1877年喺Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie（生物化學雜誌）第一期嘅序度有用「biochemie」（德文嘅「生化學」）嚟做生理化學嘅同義詞，喺個序度話要起啲專注生化學研究嘅研究所。雖然係噉，但係德裔化學家Carl Neuberg成日畀人引用，話佢先係創「生化學」呢個詞嘅人，亦有人畀咗credit畀Franz Hofmeister。

曾幾何時，大家都覺得生命同佢嘅材料係某啲需要特質或者物質（通常會叫生命原則），呢啲嘢係同死物係唔同嘅。

淨係生物先可以產生生命嘅分子

DNA 嘅結構 (Template:PDB2)^[1]

原始材料：生命嘅化學元素編輯

生物分子編輯

生物化學分子（亦稱生物分子）嘅四大類型就係醣、脂、蛋白質同埋核酸。好多生物分子都係聚合物，即係由一粒粒細嘅單體串連一齊出嚟嘅大分子，而呢種串連過程就叫做甩水反應。唔同嘅大分子可以再砌埋一齊嚟砌啲大而有生物活動嘅複合體。

醣編輯

醣

葡萄糖係一個單醣

蔗醣係一個由葡萄糖同菓醣組成嘅雙醣

直鏈澱粉係一個由幾千粒葡萄糖串起嚟嘅多醣

醣嘅兩個主要功能就係儲能量同埋提供結構。雖然其中一個常見嘅糖就係葡萄糖，但係唔係所有醣都係糖嚟嘅。地球上面醣嘅數量多過晒所有其他類型嘅生物分子。醣有好多用途，可以攞嚟儲能量同記低遺傳資訊，亦喺[細胞之間嘅[細胞互動|互動]]同信息傳遞擔當重要嘅各色。

至簡單嘅醣類型就係單醣，佢含有一份碳、兩份氫同一份氧（即係廣義化學公式 C_nH_2nO_n，當中 n 起碼有 3）。葡萄糖（C₆H₁₂O₆）係其中至重要嘅醣，其他嘅有經常畀人𪐀生果甜味褦嘅菓醣，同埋攞嚟串起DNA嘅脫氧核糖（C₅H₁₀O₄）。一個單糖可以喺鏈狀（亦稱非環或者開鏈狀）同環狀呢兩個狀態變嚟變去。鏈狀

脂編輯

蛋白質編輯

核酸編輯

新陳代謝編輯

做能量來源嘅碳酸化合物編輯

葡萄醣解（冇帶氧）編輯

帶氧編輯

葡萄糖逆生編輯

同其他「分子規模」嘅生物學嘅𪐀褦編輯

嗜極生物編輯

睇埋編輯

註編輯

攷編輯

↑ Edwards (1992), pp. 1161–1173.

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讀埋編輯

拎編輯

Template:WVD

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[1] Edwards (1992), pp. 1161–1173.

[1]